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新的研究发现了所有癌症的共同点
诸平
据Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum研究所(Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute)2021年7月16日提供的消息,新的研究发现了所有癌症的共同点(New research finds common denominator linking all cancers)。西奈卫生研究院(Sinai Health)科学家的一项新研究显示,所有癌症仅可分为两类。这项发现可能为治疗最具侵袭性和无法治愈的癌症提供了一种新策略。这项研究成果已经《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上发表——Joel D. Pearson, Katherine Huang, Marek Pacal, Sean R. McCurdy, Suying Lu, Arthur Aubry, Tao Yu, Kristine M. Wadosky, Letian Zhang, Tao Wang, Alex Gregorieff, Mohammad Ahmad, Helen Dimaras, Ellen Langille, Susan P.C. Cole, Philippe P. Monnier, Benjamin H. Lok, Ming-Sound Tsao, Nagako Akeno, Daniel Schramek, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Erik S. Knudsen, Agnieszka K. Witkiewicz, Jeffrey L. Wrana, David W. Goodrich, Rod Bremner. Binary pan-cancer classes with distinct vulnerabilities defined by pro- or anti-cancer YAP/TEAD activity. Cancer Cell , Published:July 15, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2021.06.016
此项新研究中,西奈卫生研究院(Sinai Health)的Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum研究所(Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute简称LTRI)的科学家根据一种名为Yes-associated protein(简称YAP)的蛋白质的存在与否,将所有癌症分为两类即YAPon和YAPoff。
LTRI的资深科学家罗德·布莱姆纳(Rod Bremner)说,他们已经确定,所有癌症都存在YAP开启或关闭,并且每种分类显示出不同的药物敏感性或耐药性。YAP在恶性肿瘤的形成中起着重要作用,因为它是Hippo信号通路(Hippo signaling pathway)的重要调控因子和效应因子。
罗德·布莱姆纳说:“YAP不仅是关闭或打开,而且在任何一种情况下都有相反的促癌或抗癌作用。因此,YAP开启(YAPon)癌症需要YAP来生长和生存。相反,当我们打开YAP时,YAP关闭(YAPoff)癌症停止生长。
许多YAPoff癌症是高度致命的。在他们的新研究中,罗德·布莱姆纳和来自美国纽约州布法罗罗斯威尔公园综合癌症中心(Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, NY, USA)的其他研究人员表明,前列腺癌和肺癌等一些癌症可以从YAPon状态跳转到YAPoff状态,从而抵抗治疗。
当癌细胞在实验室的培养皿中生长时,它们不是漂浮着就是粘着。研究小组发现,YAP是细胞浮力的主要调节器,所有漂浮的细胞都是YAPoff,所有粘着的细胞都是YAPon。
罗德·布莱姆纳解释说,众所周知,粘附行为的变化与耐药性有关,因此他们的发现暗示了YAP在这个开关的中心。
LTRI罗德·布莱姆纳实验室的博士后研究员、联合作者乔尔·皮尔森(Joel Pearson)说,治疗这些癌症的疗法可能对患者的生存产生深远的影响。乔尔·皮尔森说:“我们发现的这个简单的二进制规则可能揭示了治疗许多类型的癌症的策略,这些癌症要么属于YAPoff超类,要么属于YAPon超类。此外,由于癌症通过跳转状态来逃避治疗,有方法治疗YAPoff和YAPon状态可能成为一种通用的方法来阻止这种癌症转换类型以抵抗药物治疗。”
研究人员希望通过推断这些类型的癌症的共同弱点,有可能开发出新的治疗方法,并改善患者的预后。这项工作主要由加拿大健康研究院(Canadian Institutes of Health Research简称CIHR)、癌症研究协会(Cancer Research Society)和克莱姆比尔基金会(Krembil Foundation)提供资助。上述介绍仅供参考,欲了解更多信息敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。
• YAP/TAZ silencing in multiple cancers reflects their tumor suppressor activity
• Cancers can be parsed into binary YAPon and YAPoff classes
• Binary transcriptomes drive distinct adhesive, metabolic, genetic, and drug profiles
• Alternate YAP enhancers explain anti-cancer integrin-αVβ5 program in YAPoff cancers
Cancer heterogeneity impacts therapeutic response, driving efforts to discover over-arching rules that supersede variability. Here, we define pan-cancer binary classes based on distinct expression of YAP and YAP-responsive adhesion regulators. Combining informatics with in vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function studies across multiple murine and human tumor types, we show that opposite pro- or anti-cancer YAP activity functionally defines binary YAPon or YAPoff cancer classes that express or silence YAP, respectively. YAPoff solid cancers are neural/neuroendocrine and frequently RB1−/−, such as retinoblastoma, small cell lung cancer, and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. YAP silencing is intrinsic to the cell of origin, or acquired with lineage switching and drug resistance. The binary cancer groups exhibit distinct YAP-dependent adhesive behavior and pharmaceutical vulnerabilities, underscoring clinical relevance. Mechanistically, distinct YAP/TEAD enhancers in YAPoff or YAPon cancers deploy anti-cancer integrin or pro-cancer proliferative programs, respectively. YAP is thus pivotal across cancer, but in opposite ways, with therapeutic implications.
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