原文链接：

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344919300734

文章导读

隐含碳指的是商品生产过程中隐含的直接或间接的二氧化碳排放。近年来，隐含碳问题受到了越来越多的关注。本文对中国、美国和欧盟三个主要经济体之间的隐含碳流动问题进行了研究。

文章亮点

（1）全面考虑了全球49个地区和200个行业的碳排放流动情况和碳排放强度，时间跨度为21年；

（2）为所有的49个地区开发了可视化的碳排放数据；

（3）中国直接和间接的碳排放多于美国、欧盟；

（4）基础建设和出口有助于中国经济快速增长。

摘要

通过结构调整、技术变革或者政策引导，可以在供应链上实现碳排放转移，随着政策制定者在这个方面意识的提高，不仅直接碳排放，间接碳排放也越来越受到关注。分析排放组成和碳生产率，以及它们随时间的发展变化，可为需求方和供应方在整个产品周期制定减排方案。此外，了解中间和最后阶段的贸易隐含排放（EET）对于公平分配排放责任也至关重要。因此，本文使用全球多区域投入产出模型EXIOBASE 3.3来解释全球直接和间接的中间碳排放和最终碳排放，运用交互式可视化方法呈现了49个国家和地区经济中隐含碳的流动，并对中国、美国和欧盟进行了比较分析。结果表明，在1995年至2015年期间，与其他两个经济体相比，中国的中间和最终的间接碳排放经历了快速、持续的增长，排放量分别为26.1 Pg和11.0 Pg。平均而言，2015年中国的碳排放强度是美国的3.7倍，是欧盟的2.4倍，这意味着可以通过提高效率和燃料转换来进一步减少碳排放。此外，本文还介绍了这三个经济体各部门中间产品的贸易隐含碳。

图1. (a)-(g)是1995-2015年七个行业的排放乘数；(h)是欧盟、美国、中国的年排放强度平均变化以及七个行业在49个地区的年排放强度中位数。

原文信息

Abstract

Indirect CO2 emissions are gaining increasing interests in addition to direct CO2 emissions, as policy makers become more aware of the possibilities for structural and technical change, sometimes resulting from policies, to move CO2 emissions along supply chains. An analysis of the composition of emissions and carbon efficiency of production and their development over time may inform the formulation of demand-side and supply-side solutions for emission reduction over the entire life-cycle. In addition, understanding of emissions embodied in trade (EET) at intermediate and final stages is crucial for allocation of emission responsibilities in a fair manner. Hence, we account for global direct and indirect intermediate and final CO2 emissions using the global, multiregional input-output model EXIOBASE 3.3. We present results for the flow of embodied carbon through the economies of 49 countries and regions using an interactive visualization and provide a comparative analysis of China, the US, and the EU. It shows that China has undergone rapid, continuous increase in both intermediate and final indirect CO2 emissions compared to the other two economies from 1995 to 2015, to 26.1 Pg and 11.0 Pg respectively. Emission intensities in China are on average 3.7 times of the US and 2.4 times of the EU in the year 2015, implying the possibility of further reducing emission by efficiency improvement and fuel switching. CO2 EETs of intermediate production by sectors in the three economies are also reported.

本期编辑：蒋金星，中国社会科学院研究生院，可持续发展经济学专业。