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(For new reader and those who request 好友请求, please read my 公告栏 first).
I thank all the kind words and feedback from the sciencenet readers. There seems to be some sentiment for translating my blog into Chinese. This is a good things but beyond my ability to accomplish smoothly. However,I am motivated to write the following.
It is well known that Chinese is spoken by more people in the world than any other language. Spanish comes in second. You may be surprised to find that English is only fourth in number of people who use it (I will let you guess what language is number three?). But English is the most popular language in the sense that regardless where you are in the world, you have far better chance to communicate with locals using English than with another language foreign to the natives. In science and technology it is now the Linqua Franca for writing and communication. (Footnote: When I received my ph.d in 1961, we were still required to have a reading knowledge of two of the three languages, French, German, and Russian. But this requirement was abolished in the mid Sixties) This is also my partial excuse for writing this blog in English since my written Chinese leave something to be desired (词不达意).
On the subject of Chinese vs. English, it is really a lucky accident that Chinese is a pictorial language vs English and other European languages which are phonetically based.. Using their native dialects, someone from Xian will not be able to converse with a person from Guangzhou. But they can communicate via writing since the pictures of the words are the same. If Chinese instead were phonetically based, today China will be divided into 20 some different countries just like Europe.
Since English is the defacto official language of science and technology. Chinese scientists and engineers must learn to write and speak English if they want their work to have influence and to interact with the rest of the world. Here comes the difficulty. Language is dynamic and culture-laden.. While it is relatively easy to translate word for word as in a dictionary, usage, nuances, and connotation are constantly changing and dependent on a deep understanding of the cultural background of the society in which the language is being used. These subtleties, unless you are a professional linguist, cannot be acquired easily without actually being immersed in the society of a long time –i.e., actually living there day to day and interact with the local population. This is also the reason that machine translation of languages is still infeasible despite decades of research in artificial intelligence.
But most Chinese scientists and engineers do not have the opportunity of living abroad extensively or study a foreign language as a professional linguist. As a result, their English papers are often more or less directly translated from their elegant Chinese prose word by word. A meaningful idiom in Chinese translated this way often comes out awkward, funny, and sometime plain wrong. I give two examples:
1. Once a student at Tsinghua want to assure me he is working very hard by using the Chinese phrase (我会抓紧时间去做) which he translated into “I’ll take my time to do the task”. In English this has exactly the opposite meaning. Of course, I understand what the student wanted to say since I know the Chinese idiom. But a western professor will completely misunderstand the intention of the student.
2. The English word “interesting” is a neutral adjective. It carry no implication of “good” or “bad”. When you are asked to comment on something whether it is an idea, a woman’s dress, a piece of writing, and you don’t have anything good to say, you use this adjective to be honest to yourself and avoid offending the person to whom you are addressing. But this ploy have been used so often that the public now understand this word actually carries the connotation of “not good”. Yet you can also use the word to mean you actually are interested – a compliment. Thus, how to interpret this word depends on the circumstance, context, and the way you use it. The subtlety is something只可以意会而不可以言传. You do not learn such subtlety by reading or in English class.
The best translators are of course those who work at the United Nations as real time simultaneous translators or person who accompany the President of a country on their visit to another country or when he receives a foreign leader. When President Clinton of the US visited China and held a news conference with President Jiang Zheming, you really see how these translators work. They can translate idioms and colloquial phrases in one language into the corresponding idiom and phrases in another language as the Presidents speak in real time. They are live examples of 出口成章 and 信, 雅, 达 in both tongues. As someone who understand both languages, one cannot help but admire such professional skill.
In 2004, several of us at Tsinghua published a little book entitled “USEFUL INFORMATION
FOR SCHOLARS NEW TO THE WORLD OF SCIENCE -科坛新学者指南”, (Tsinghua University Press RMB丫9.00.) All of us wrote in English and then worked with many graduate students to translate the text into Chinese. The two language versions are published together side-by-side as a way to help Chinese readers both to learn the material and to learn English usage. This book contains information and tips on presentation, writing papers and proposals, and reviewing manuscripts useful to young scientists and engineers. I recommend it.
I conclude by quoting from a recent New York Times article (4/17/07) on how Beijing is preparing for the 2008 Olympics:
Beijing's mangled English signage is not so much a bad local habit as a local institution in the eyes of resident foreigners. English translations on signs are considered fashionable and good advertising, as well as a gracious gesture to foreigners baffled by Chinese characters. But until recently, the attention paid to the accuracy of the translation was, at best, uneven. Consider that a local theme park about China's ethnic minorities was initially promoted in English as ''Racist Park.''
David Tool, an American who teaches analytical thinking at Beijing International Studies University, recalled attending a Peking Opera performance in 2001 that offered a running digital translation in English.
''They had this line that should have said 'auspicious clouds in the sky' but it read 'auspicious clods,' '' Mr. Tool recalled. He said a group of foreigners in the audience erupted in laughter, which he found offensive, even though he was also offended by the bad English.
Mr. Tool and a prominent retired professor, Chen Lin, are now at the vanguard of Beijing's English police, an effort emboldened by the Olympic self-improvement campaigns. City officials have enlisted the two scholars and other experts to retranslate the bad English translations on signs around the city. Last week, Beijing announced new standards and official translations that can be used on more than 2,000 different types of signs, as well as on menus.
Mr. Tool said he spent his weekends visiting different businesses as if he were a detective in a linguistic vice squad. ''I go in and I say the Olympics are coming and this sign is wrong,'' Mr. Tool said. He then sends an e-mail message with a correct translation or has a printout delivered.
He is writing a book on the subject, and no wonder: regular blunders include typos on menus in which the 'b' in crab becomes a 'p.' Some translations are trickier, like describing pullet, which is a hen less than a year old but appears on some menus as Sexually Inexperienced Chicken. Mr. Tool said one prominent sign had become a regular photo op for foreigners: the Dongda Anus Hospital.
Mr. Tool intervened. It is now the Dongda Proctology Hospital.
Score another gold medal for Beijing's self-improvement campaign.
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