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Chapter 3 The Structure of Crystalline Solids
Words and Phrases
Crystal structure 晶体结构
Crystalline materials 晶体材料
Crystal system 晶系
Single crystal 单晶
Polycrystallinity 多晶
Noncrystalline materials 非晶
Amorphous materials 非晶
Atomic hard sphere model 原子刚球模型
Lattice 点阵
Polymorphism 多晶型现象
Allotropy同素异构
Unit cell 晶包small repeat entities
Coordination number 配位数
Atomic packing factor (APF)原子堆积因子(致密度)
Coordinate system 坐标系
Parallelepiped 平行六面体
Lattice parameters 点阵常数
Miller indices 密勒指数
Texture 织构
Atomic interplanar distances 面间距(Adjacent and parallel planes of atoms)
Monochromatic 单频的、单色的
Coherent 相干的
Bragg’s law 布拉格方程
X-ray diffractometry (diffractometer) X-射线衍射仪
Diffraction pattern 衍射花样
Interplanar spacing 晶面间距
Align vi. line up/make parallel/order 排列
allotropy n. 同素异形
amorphous adj. noncrystalline无定型的 ↔ crystalline
anion n. 阴离子↔ cation 阳离子
close-packed 密排
face-centered cubic (FCC)
Body-centered cubic (BCC)
hexagonal close-packed (HCP)
coplanar 同一平面上的
cubic adj. 立方体的↔planar
diffractionn.衍射
dioxide n. 二氧化物
electrical charge 电荷
Electronegativity n.负电性↔electropositivity 正电性
Geometry n.几何学
Grain n. 晶粒 grainboundary 晶界
Grid n.格子
Intercept 截距
Interstitial 空隙的,间隙
Anisotropy 各向异性↔isotropy 各向同性
Parallel 平行的↔perpendicular 垂直的
Plane 平面
Planar 平面的
Radius pl.radii n.半径↔diameter
Ratio 比例
Reciprocal 倒数
Sequence n.order 序列 in asequence
Silicon 硅
Sketch 草图,素描
Stacking 堆积,堆垛
Symmetry n. 对称↔asymmetry 不对称
Theoretical 理论上的↔practical 实际上
Valence 原子价
Variant 变量↔constant 常量
Vector n.a quantity such as force that has a direction as well as size 矢量
Volume 体积↔area 面积
Single crystals单晶↔ polycrystallinematerials多晶
Parallelism (平行, 对应, 类似)
Axe (轴)
Projection (投影)
Divide v.(除)
Multiply v.(乘)
Integer (整数)
Comma (逗点, 逗号)
Enclose v.(装入)
Bracket (括弧)
Reduced (简化的)
Respectively (各自地)
Translation (平移)
Coordinate (坐标)
Origin (原点)
Parallel (平行的),
Appropriate (适当的)
Intersect ((直线)相交, 交叉)
lattice parameters(晶格常数)
Parentheses (圆括号)
Crystal system (晶系)
Cubic 立方
Hexagonal 六方
Tetragonal 四方
Rhombohedral 菱方
Orthorhombic 正交
Monoclinic 单斜
Triclinic三斜
Nikolai Chekurov, Helsinki University of Technology
The modern Stonehedge: Colorized SEM image of silicon nanopillar formation created by Gallium
implantation and DRIE-etching.
From 2009 MRS FALL MEETING "SCIENCE AS ART" WINNERS
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