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[讨论，科普，著作权] 什么是“发表”？以“DNA 双螺旋结构”、“朗兰兹纲领”、“庞加莱猜想”为例

已有 240 次阅读 2025-12-10 15:48 |个人分类:资料与科普|系统分类:科普集锦

[讨论，科普，著作权] 什么是“发表”？以“DNA 双螺旋结构”、“朗兰兹纲领”、“庞加莱猜想”为例

宣布下文的著作权：详细化之后，拟投《科技中国》等顶刊。

一、DNA 双螺旋结构（生物，1953年）：没有送外审

Likewise — according to John Maddox, a former editor of Nature, quoted in the New York Times (25 February 2003) — this manuscript was never sent out to reviewers. The editors accepted the paper upon receipt of a “Publish” covering letter from Nobel laureate Sir Lawrence Bragg.

Thus, to complete the final moral for rejected authors of presumed Nobel-winning work — persist, and get in contact with a noble genius.

同样，据《纽约时报》（2003年2月25日）援引《自然》前编辑约翰·马多克斯的话说，这份稿件从未发送给审稿人。编辑们在收到诺贝尔奖获得者劳伦斯·布拉格爵士的“出版”附信后接受了这篇论文。

因此，要完成被拒绝的诺贝尔奖获得者作品的最终道德——坚持下去，并与一位高贵的天才接触。

https://www.nature.com/articles/426119a

1962年诺贝尔奖，Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine。

二、朗兰兹纲领（数学，1967年）：私人信件，顶多是会议下的传播

https://abelprize.no/sites/default/files/2021-04/biography_English_Abel_2018%20Robert%20Langlands.pdf

In January 1967, Robert Langlands, a 30-year-old associate professor at Princeton, wrote a letter to the great French mathematician André Weil, aged 60, outlining some of his new mathematical insights.

“If you are willing to read it as pure speculation I would appreciate that,” he wrote. “If not – I am sure you have a waste basket handy.”

Langlands’ modesty now reads like an almost comic piece of understatement. His 17-page letter introduced a theory that created a whole new way of thinking about mathematics: it suggested deep links between two areas, number theory and harmonic analysis, that had previously been considered unrelated.

1967年1月，普林斯顿大学30岁的副教授Robert Langlands给60岁的法国数学家安德烈·韦伊写了一封信，概述了他的一些新的数学见解。

他写道：“如果你愿意将其视为纯粹的猜测，我将不胜感激。”。“如果没有，我相信你手边有个废纸篓。”

朗兰兹的谦虚现在读起来几乎像是一个滑稽的轻描淡写。他17页的信介绍了一种理论，创造了一种全新的数学思维方式：它表明了数论和谐分析这两个领域之间的深刻联系，而这两个方面以前被认为是不相关的。

He bumped into Weil in a corridor in the beginning of January 1967 and began to explain his discovery. Weil suggested he write up his thoughts in a letter.

Langlands swiftly wrote the letter in longhand. Weil had the letter typed up and it was widely circulated among mathematicians.

1967年1月初，他在一条走廊上偶然遇到了韦伊，并开始解释他的发现。韦伊建议他把自己的想法写在一封信里。

朗兰兹迅速地用手写了这封信。韦伊把这封信打印出来，在数学家中广泛流传。

2018年阿贝尔奖（Abel prize），数学界的诺贝尔奖。以及其它奖。

三、庞加莱猜想（数学，2002、2003年）

三篇 arxiv。还得自己发邮件请熟人去看。

Poincaré Conjecture

https://www.claymath.org/millennium/poincare-conjecture/

https://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems/

2010-03-18, Millennium Prize, Clay Mathematics Institute, 千禧年奖，克雷数学研究所

https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Poincare-press-release.pdf

参考资料：

[1] Jens Brümmer. How genius can smooth the road to publication [J]. Nature, 426(6963): 119-119

doi: 10.1038/426119a

https://www.nature.com/articles/426119a

If at first your paper doesn't succeed, try, try — and try to find a brilliant supporter.

Likewise — according to John Maddox, a former editor of Nature, quoted in the New York Times (25 February 2003) — this manuscript was never sent out to reviewers. The editors accepted the paper upon receipt of a “Publish” covering letter from Nobel laureate Sir Lawrence Bragg.

Thus, to complete the final moral for rejected authors of presumed Nobel-winning work — persist, and get in contact with a noble genius.

[2] John Maddox. How genius can smooth the road to publication [J]. Nature, 426(6963): 119-119

doi: 10.1038/426119b

https://www.nature.com/articles/426119b

As Jens Brümmer states, the Watson and Crick paper was not peer-reviewed by Nature. I have two comments on this. First, the Crick and Watson paper could not have been refereed: its correctness is self-evident. No referee working in the field (Linus Pauling?) could have kept his mouth shut once he saw the structure.

[3] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962, Nobel Prize

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/summary/

[4] Robert P. Langlands, Institute for Advanced Study

https://www.ias.edu/scholars/langlands

[5] 2018: Robert P. Langlands

Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA

«for hans visjonære program som forbinder representasjonsteori og tallteori.»

https://abelprisen.no/abelprisvinneren/2018

“for his visionary program connecting representation theory to number theory.”

https://abelprize.no/abel-prize-laureates/2018

[6] A biography of Robert P Langlands

https://abelprize.no/sites/default/files/2021-04/biography_English_Abel_2018%20Robert%20Langlands.pdf

[7] Letter to André Weil, Institute for Advanced Study

https://publications.ias.edu/letter-to-weil

[8] Perelman, Grisha (November 11, 2002). "The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications". arXiv:math.DG/0211159

https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0211159

[9] Perelman, Grisha (March 10, 2003). "Ricci flow with surgery on three-manifolds". arXiv:math.DG/0303109 [math.DG].

https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0303109

[10] Perelman, Grisha (July 17, 2003). "Finite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifolds". arXiv:math.DG/0307245 [math.DG].

https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0307245

[11] The Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) announces today that Dr. Grigoriy Perelman of St. Petersburg, Russia, is the recipient of the Millennium Prize for resolution of the Poincaré conjecture.

https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Poincare-press-release.pdf

[12] The Millennium Prize Problems, Clay Mathematics Institute

https://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems/

以前的《科学网》相关博文链接：

[1] 2025-11-30 16:55，[资料，科普] DNA双螺旋的基本含义，及其发现、发表过程的要点

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1512344.html

[2] 2019-08-10 15:04，[求证] 1967年朗兰兹 Robert Phelan Langlands 写给韦伊的信里说

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1193149.html

[3] 2024-04-30 22:43，[小资料] 朗兰兹纲领 Langlands program

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1432191.html

[4] 2016-05-08 11:55，佩雷尔曼贴到 arXiv 上去之后，也得自己找人评审

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-975788.html