保护优先权：2019-05-11 开始《科学网》博文“超过48小时”之后不能再修改

一、《科学网》博文“保护优先权”的功能得到进一步的加强！

   大约从 2019-05-11 开始，《科学网》“该博文发布时间已经超过48小时，仅可对博文的隐私设置进行修改。”

   这样，《科学网》博文“保护优先权”的功能得到进一步的加强！

2019-11-14， [求助] 什么是发表？什么是当前国际科技界承认的发表？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1206144.html

二、以修改 SI 安培定义为例

   （1）2008-11-12 上午午饭之前，我在南开大学承办的教育部《科学素质教育课程骨干教师高级研修班》的大会发言里，向老师们汇报了这个思考：

2019-07-02，记忆：南开大学2008年《科学素质教育课程骨干教师高级研修班》

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1187783.html

   （2）中国科学院科学智慧火花

中国科学院科学智慧火花，2012-04-12 10:46，SI 基本单位中安培定义的两种可能缺陷

https://idea.cas.cn/zhhh/sxwlhxytw/wlx/info/2012/483154.html

   （3）《科学网》博客

2012-04-13 12:07，[请教] SI基本单位中安培定义的两种可能缺陷

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-558804.html

   这样，形成了更有力的“证据链”：

   中国人更早建议了新的“SI 的安培定义”。2012-04-12 我提出的国际单位制基本单位“安培”新定义（第二方案），和 SI 在 2018-11-16 第 26 届国际计量大会（CGPM）决定的新安培定义几乎完全一样。我比 SI 早了 6 年多。

   （4）请对照：

   ① 新华网，2018-11-17，“千克”等４项基本单位被重新定义

http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-11/17/c_129996422.htm

   新华社巴黎１１月１６日电（记者张曼）第２６届国际计量大会１６日通过“修订国际单位制”决议，正式更新包括国际标准质量单位“千克”在内的４项基本单位定义。新国际单位体系将于２０１９年５月２０日世界计量日起正式生效。

   新国际单位体系采用物理常数重新定义质量单位“千克”、电流单位“安培”、温度单位“开尔文”和物质的量单位“摩尔”。以基本物理常数定义计量单位，可大大提高稳定性和精确度。

   ② 科学网，2018-11-16，国际计量大会重新定义“千克” 国际单位制迎来重要变革 [EB/OL]

http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2018/11/420020.shtm

   这是国际单位制定义第一次独立于这些被定义单位的复现方式。也就是说，这些定义不会随着新复现方式的出现而过时。以安培为例，其旧定义是“两条间隔一定距离的导线间的电磁作用力”，这意味着电流需要采用一定的复现方式来定义。但是，随着约瑟夫森效应和量子化霍尔效应的出现，旧的定义方式过时了。而安培的新定义则只和一定时间内通过的电子数有关，并不涉及复现方式。

   ③ SI base unit: ampere (A), The International System of Units (SI): Base units, BIPM, Bureau International des Poids et Measures

https://www.bipm.org/en/si-base-units/ampere

https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/si-base-units

三、[小资料] 1967年1月朗兰兹（Robert Phelan Langlands）写信给安德烈•韦伊（André Weil）

3.1  朗兰兹（Robert Phelan Langlands）

图1  朗兰兹 Robert Phelan Langlands, 1936-10-06 ~

https://wolffund.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Professor-Robert-P-Langlands-institute-of-advanced-studies.jpg

https://wolffund.org.il/robert-p-langlands/

   Wolf Prize Laureate in Mathematics 1995/6 ：

https://wolffund.org.il/robert-p-langlands/

https://wolffund.org.il/the-wolf-prize/#Laureates

   “for his path-blazing work and extraordinary insight in the fields of number theory, automorphic forms and group representation”.

   Abel Prize, 2018 ：

https://abelprize.no/abel-prize-laureates/2018

https://abelprize.no/winners

   “for his visionary program connecting representation theory to number theory.”

3.2  [小资料] 1967年1月朗兰兹（Robert Phelan Langlands）写信给安德烈•韦伊（André Weil）

   一般认为，给朗兰兹带来上述荣誉的“朗兰兹纲领： Langlands program, Langlands programme”，“发表”在他给 André Weil 写了一封手写的信件。网上收集的一些相关资料如下：

   In January 1967, Robert Langlands, a 30-year-old associate professor at Princeton, wrote a letter to the great French mathematician André Weil, aged 60, outlining some of his new mathematical insights.

   1967年1月，30岁的普林斯顿的副教授 Robert Langlands 给 60岁的法国伟大数学家 André Weil 写了一封信，概述了他的一些新的数学见解。

   “If you are willing to read it as pure speculation I would appreciate that,” he wrote. “If not – I am sure you have a waste basket handy.”

   “如果你愿意把它看作纯粹的猜测，我会的很感激，”他写道。“如果不愿意，我相信您身边就有一个废纸篓。”

https://abelprize.no/sites/default/files/2021-04/biography_English_Abel_2018%20Robert%20Langlands.pdf

   Letter to André Weil Submitted by admin on Mon, 2013-02-25

https://publications.ias.edu/letter-to-weil

   Letter to André Weil

https://publications.ias.edu/sites/default/files/letter-to-weil-1967-01_rpl_0.pdf

https://publications.ias.edu/letter-to-weil

   Handwritten letter to André Weil

https://publications.ias.edu/sites/default/files/handwritten-ltw_rpl_0.pdf

https://publications.ias.edu/letter-to-weil

   Editorial comments: In January of 1967, while he was at Princeton University, Langlands wrote a letter of 17 hand-written pages to Andre Weil outlining what quickly became known as `the Langlands conjectures'. This letter even today is worth reading carefully, although its notation is by present standards somewhat clumsy. It was in this letter that what later became known as the `L-group' first made its appearance, like Gargantua, surprisingly mature. Because of its historic importance, we give here two versions of this letter, as well as a pair of supplementary notes accompanying it. A typed copy of this letter, made at Weil's request for easier reading, circulated widely among specialists in the late sixties and seventies. The covering note from Harish-Chandra has been helpful in establishing a date for the letter, which is itself undated.

   In reply to a question asked by many: there was no written reply from Weil.

   【机器翻译】编辑评论：1967年1月，当他在普林斯顿大学时，朗兰兹给安德烈·威尔写了一封17页的手写信，概述了很快被称为“朗兰兹猜想”的内容。即使在今天，这封信也值得仔细阅读，尽管按照目前的标准，它的注释有些笨拙。正是在这封信中，后来被称为“L群”的东西首次出现，就像 Gargantua一样，令人惊讶地成熟。由于其历史意义，我们在此提供这封信的两个版本，以及随附的一对补充说明。应威尔的要求，为了便于阅读，这封信在 60年代末和 70年代在专家中广泛传播。Harish Chandra 的附文有助于确定这封信的日期，而这封信本身没有注明日期。

   在回答许多人的问题时：威尔没有书面答复。

   Author's comments: The letter to Weil is undated. However, thanks to David Lieberman, I was able to discover that Chern's talk in the IDA Mathematics Colloquium was held on January 6, 1967. Thus the letter was written between then and the date January 16 that appears in the note of Harish-Chandra.

   In order to make it easier for Weil to read, the handwritten note was typed some days later. The four footnotes were then added and one or two phrases were modified for the sake of clarity. These modifications are incorporated into the present version. Otherwise the letter has been allowed to stand as it was. Even unfortunate grammatical errors have not been corrected.

   The emphasis on explicit, concrete reciprocity laws may surprise the reader. The note A little bit of number theory will clarify what I had in mind.

   【机器翻译】作者评论：给威尔的信未注明日期。然而，多亏了 David Lieberman，我才发现 Chern 在 IDA 数学座谈会上的演讲是在 1967年1月6日举行的。因此，这封信是在那时到哈里什·钱德拉的笔记中出现的 1月16日之间写的。

   为了让威尔更容易阅读，手写的纸条几天后被打了出来。然后添加了四个脚注，并修改了一两个短语以便于澄清。这些修改已纳入本版本。否则，这封信就被允许保持原样。即使是不幸的语法错误也没有得到纠正。

   强调明确、具体的互惠法可能会让读者感到惊讶。注释一点点数论会澄清我的想法。

参考资料：

[1] 薛次伟，2019-05-11 07:32，隐藏的博文能否让修改？已发博文能否转换为隐藏或删除？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-400913-1178320.html

[2] 陈昌春，2019-05-11 16:04，博客非凡新规“博文发表48小时内可以修改，超过48小时将无法修改”已经实施

https://m.sciencenet.cn/blog-350729-1178403.html

[3] 冯向军，2019-05-11 19:22，博客原本就是现代BOOK(书）：对科学网48小时限令的感悟

https://m.sciencenet.cn/blog-1968-1178431.html

[4] 陈照强，2019-05-10 15:44，科学网又出新规定了

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-950202-1178240.html

[5] Robert Phelan Langlands, MacTutor History of Mathematics

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Langlands/

[6] Robert Langlands, 1967-01, Letter to André Weil, Institute for Advanced Study

https://publications.ias.edu/letter-to-weil

[7] Robert P. Langlands, Wolf Prize Laureate in Mathematics 1995/6

https://wolffund.org.il/robert-p-langlands/

   Award citation:

   “for his path-blazing work and extraordinary insight in the fields of number theory, automorphic forms and group representation”.

[8] 2018: Robert P. Langlands, The Abel Prize

https://abelprize.no/abel-prize-laureates/2018

   The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Abel Prize for 2018 to Robert P. Langlands of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA,

   “for his visionary program connecting representation theory to number theory.”

[9] Davide Castelvecchi, 2018-03-20, ‘Grand unified theory of maths’ nets Abel Prize

doi:  10.1038/d41586-018-03423-x

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-03423-x

   Robert Langlands’ ideas unearthed connections within mathematics that have helped to solve centuries-old problems and aided researchers in disparate fields.

[10] Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman, MacTutor History of Mathematics

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Perelman/

   On 11 November 2002, Perelman put his paper The Entropy Formula for the Ricci Flow and Its Geometric Applications on the web. Although he did not claim in the paper to be able to solve the Poincaré Conjecture, when experts in the subject read it they realised that he had made the breakthrough necessary to solve the Conjecture. 

   He returned to St Petersburg at the end of April 2002 and, in July, put Finite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifolds, the third instalment of his work, on the web. It took some time for experts in the field to convince themselves that Perelman had solved the Poincaré Conjecture and a little longer to work through the details to see that he had also solved the Thurston Geometrization Conjecture. 

相关链接：

[1] 2019-11-14，[求助] 什么是发表？什么是当前国际科技界承认的发表？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1206144.html

[2] 2021-01-09，[汇集与简评] 原创，到底难不难发表？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1266418.html

[3] 2022-01-18，[随想] 科技论文的发表：语言、公开方式

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1321572.html

[4] 2024-04-30，[小资料] 朗兰兹纲领 Langlands program

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1432191.html

[5] 2019-08-10，[求证] 1967年朗兰兹 Robert Phelan Langlands 写给韦伊的信里说

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1193149.html

[6] 2024-10-27，在中国科学院《科学智慧火花》新版的帖子网址

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1457230.html

[7] 2023-08-26，[求证] 世界范围的领先情况：互容；“半电路、半电磁场”电路；安培定义；SI 词头；低风速风机（刚体定轴转动定律）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400427.html

[8] 2019-07-02，记忆：南开大学2008年《科学素质教育课程骨干教师高级研修班》

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1187783.html

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