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健康新闻(9)中国人吃西餐太危险 精选

已有 6850 次阅读 2014-9-19 09:37 |个人分类:期刊论文|系统分类:论文交流| 糖尿病, 西餐


一项最新研究表明,当具有2型糖尿病高风险的亚裔美国人与欧裔美国人严格进食亚洲膳食时,他们都表现出较低的胰岛素抵抗性。反之,如果进食西方膳食,则亚裔美国人的胰岛素抵抗性比欧裔美国人更高。

这就意味着,假如吃西餐,亚裔美国人比欧裔美国人更易患上2型糖尿病。据分析,这种现象是亚裔人士由传统高纤维低脂肪食物转换为现代西方高糖高脂肪食物所致。这也许不是对食品本身不适应,而是源于遗传差异。

该实验中所使用的东亚餐以热量计70%来自碳水化合物(大米),15%来自蛋白质,15%来自脂肪,每1000千卡有15克纤维。西餐以热量计50%来自碳水化合物,16%来自蛋白质,34%来自脂肪,每1000千卡仅有6克纤维。

该实验共招募了24位东亚裔美国人和16位欧裔美国人参加了为期16周的饮食与健康风险评估,平均年龄34岁,正常体重或略微超重,但不肥胖,均有2型糖尿病家族史或有糖尿病风险指征,如妊娠糖尿病。

由此得出的结论是,亚裔美国人比欧裔美国人患2型糖尿病的风险高20%。据悉,世界上超过一半以上的糖尿病患者生活在东南亚及西太平洋地区,中国目前有10%的成年人患有糖尿病,表明西方生活方式已给东方人带来严重的健康问题。

因此,建议在美、加、澳、新、欧盟地区生活的华人还是应该多吃中餐,少吃西餐。在国内,要么把麦当劳、肯德基、必胜客请出亚太地区,要么这些西式餐厅主动将食谱本地化。特别呼吁家长不要经常带孩子上西餐厅吃洋快餐。


Asian Americans lower insulin resistance on traditional diet

Date:
September 17, 2014
Source:
Joslin Diabetes Center
Summary:
Asian Americans have been shown to lower insulin resistance on a traditional diet, researchers report. One part of this puzzle may lie in the transition from traditional high-fiber, low-fat Asian diets to current westernized diets, which may pose extra risks for those of Asian heritage, says the senior author of the study.


George King, M.D., Chief Scientific Officer at Joslin and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
Credit: Image courtesy of Joslin Diabetes Center

Why are Asian Americans at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than Caucasian Americans, and prone to develop the disease at lower body weights? One part of this puzzle may lie in the transition from traditional high-fiber, low-fat Asian diets to current westernized diets, which may pose extra risks for those of Asian heritage, says George King, M.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer at Joslin Diabetes Center and the senior author of the study.

A Joslin randomized clinical trial now has demonstrated that both Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans at risk of type 2 diabetes who adopted a rigorously controlled traditional Asian diet lowered their insulin resistance. (A leading risk factor for developing the disease, insulin resistance is a condition in which the body struggles to use the hormone insulin, which helps to metabolize sugar.)

Moreover, when both groups of participants then switched to consuming typical western fare, the Asian Americans experienced greater increases in insulin resistance than did the Caucasian Americans, says Dr. King, senior author on a paper on the study published in the journal PLOS One.

The 16-week pilot trial was completed by 24 East Asian Americans and 16 Caucasian Americans, who had an average age of 34 and were either of normal weight or overweight but not obese. All the volunteers had a family history of type 2 diabetes or another indication of diabetes risk such as gestational diabetes.

For the first eight weeks, all the participants ate a traditional high-fiber East Asian diet with 70% of calories from carbohydrates, 15% from protein and 15% from fat, and providing 15 g fiber/1,000 kcal. The food was prepared fresh by local chefs and delivered every two days. "Three meals and one snack were included each day, and we made sure that they were nutritious as well as very tasty," says Ka Hei Karen Lau, a Joslin dietitian and certified diabetes educator.

For the second eight weeks, 33 of the volunteers (20 Asian Americans and 13 Caucasian Americans) transitioned to a typical low-fiber western diet with 50% of calories from carbohydrates, 16% from protein and 34% from fat, and providing 6 g fiber/1,000 kcal. Seven volunteers (4 Asian Americans and 3 Caucasian Americans) stayed on the traditional Asian diet to act as controls for the study.

Meeting with the trial participants every two weeks, the Joslin team adjusted individual diets as needed to keep their weights relatively steady, so that changes in their metabolism were not driven primarily by changes in weight.

Maintaining those steady body weights for trial participants was a challenge, King remarks. "It was almost impossible to prevent people from losing weight on the Asian diet, and that was not because the food wasn't good!" he says. "And almost everybody gained weight on the western diet, and we had to work very hard so they didn't gain too much."

The researchers suggested that the combination of high fiber and low fat in the traditional diet may help to explain the decrease in insulin resistance, especially for the Asian American participants.

Additionally, those on the traditional Asian diet lowered their LDL cholesterol, a potential benefit for cardiovascular health.

"These results were very exciting for Asian Americans," Lau says. "We are at high risk for diabetes, but we can use diet to help prevent it."

Joslin's Asian Clinic now promotes a traditional Asian diet and shares suitable recipes with patients.

The researchers hope to follow up the pilot trial with a larger trial that compares results of a traditional Asian diet with a westernized Asian diet and does not try to control participant weight.

Asian Americans have about 20% higher risks of developing type 2 diabetes than Caucasian Americans. More than half of the adults in the world with the disease live in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific, the researchers pointed out, and about 10% of adults in China now suffer from diabetes.

A book written by Dr. King, Diabetes Reset, will be publishing in early 2015. In the book, it talks more about the traditional Asian diet, and eight steps to prevent and control diabetes.

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Joslin Diabetes Center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Journal Reference:

  1. William C. Hsu, Ka Hei Karen Lau, Motonobu Matsumoto, Dalia Moghazy, Hillary Keenan, George L. King. Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity by Isoenergy High Carbohydrate Traditional Asian Diet: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Feasibility Study. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (9): e106851 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0106851




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