German embryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff(1733—1794)

德国胚胎学家Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794)

          18世纪德国生物学家Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794)是现代胚胎学奠基人，于1733年出生于柏林。1759年，Caspar Friedrich Wolff毕业于Halle大学，获得医学博士学位。他的博士学位论文《发生理论》(Theoria Generationis)非常著名。  

            “预成论”(Preformation)和“渐成论”(Epigenesis)是研究动物胚胎发育的两大观点，在科学史上被一些大学者争论了千年之久。Caspar Friedrich Wolff通过观察研究鸡胚的发育，为“渐成论”提供了有力的支持，这是其博士论文的大亮点，但导致本已停息的争论再度激烈起来。

            Caspar Friedrich Wolff从个体发生发育的角度开展了植物解剖学研究，提出了植物细胞和组织分化的理论，为生长点的研究奠定了基础。  

           因为卷入“预成论”和“渐成论”的大争论，Caspar Friedrich Wolff遭到学术对手的反对，很难在德国学术机构谋到正式职位。1766年，时年33岁的Caspar Friedrich Wolff终于在俄罗斯的圣彼得堡找到工作。后来，他当选为俄罗斯科学院院士。1794年，Caspar Friedrich Wolff因脑溢血客死于圣彼得堡。

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Outline of German embryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794) and plant anatomy

∮1 Preformation (预成论) vs epigenesis (渐成论)

∮2 Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794)

∮3 Theoria generationis (《发生理论》)

∮4 Anatomy of plants and the theory of growing point

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Brief life chronology of German embryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794)

--1733: Born in Berlin [father-- Johann Wolff and mother--Anna Sofia Stiebeler];

--1753—1754: Studied medicine at the Collegium medico-chirurgicum in Berlin; then transferred to the University of Halle;

--1759:  Received an M.D. from the University of Halle with a famous dissertation "Theoria Generationis" (《发生理论》);

Theoria generationis ...Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 1733-1794.Halae ad Salam : Litteris Hendelianis, [1759]

--Difficult to find a position in academic institutions because of many antagonists;

--1761: Worked as a field surgeon for the Prussian army;

--1764: Published a paper entitled “Theorie von der Generation”;

--1766: Obtained a position at the Department of Anatomy of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences;

--Elected to a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy ofSciences;

--1794: Died of a brain hemorrhage in St. Petersburg at age of 61.

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Qigao Sun (孙启高):

古今植物学大讲堂

Lectures on Neobotany & Palaeobotany

植物演化生物学讲座-16

Lectures on Evolutionary Biology of Plants (16)

植物形态解剖学: Neo & Paleo-植物学（16）

结构植物学: Neo & Paleo-植物学(16)

Morphology & Anatomy: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.16)

Structural Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.16)

German embryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff(1733—1794)

德国胚胎学家Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794)

2017年4月

相关阅读：

Lectures for Neobotany and palaeobotany: a teaching project and catalogue

古今植物学大讲堂(工作目录)

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1031964.html

2017-2-6 21:44

Germanem bryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733—1794)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Friedrich_Wolff

Ruffenach, Stephen, "Caspar Friedrich Wolff(1734-1794)". Embryo Project Encyclopedia (2009-07-07). ISSN:1940-5030 http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1925.

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Preformation vs epigenesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preformationism

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Rationalism and embryology: Caspar Friedrich Wolff's theory of epigenesis

Roe, ShirleyJournal of the History of Biology, 1979,Vol.12(1), pp.1-43 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

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饶毅:胚胎诱导

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-2237-754113.html

2013-12-3010:12

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张剑, 徐桂霞, 薛皓月, 胡瑾,2007. 植物进化发育生物学的形成与研究进展. 植物学通报, 24(1): 1−30.

Zhang J.,  Xu G.X., Xue H.Y., Hu J., 2007. Foundation and current progress of plant evolutionary developmental biology. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 24(1):1-30 [in Chinese with English abstract].

(转载于：http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1050117.html2017-4-20 19:17)

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Structural Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.14)

English plant anatomist Nehemiah Grew FRS (1641--1712), a founder of plant anatomy

植物解剖学奠基人Nehemiah Grew FRS (1641--1712)

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1035175.html

2017-2-21 23:06

Structural Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany (No.13)

解剖学和胚胎学先驱[植物解剖学奠基人]Marcello Malpighi FRS (1628--1694)

Marcello Malpighi FRS (1628--1694)—a pioneer of anatomy and embryology [a founder of plant anatomy]

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-1033090.html

2017-2-12 03:21

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Germanem bryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff’s (1733—1794) doctoral dissertation--

Theoria generationis ...Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 1733-1794.Halae ad Salam : Litteris Hendelianis, [1759]

·        Title:

Theoria generationis ...

·        Attribution:Caspar Fridericus Wolff.

·        Author / Creator:Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 1733-1794.

·        Published:Halae ad Salam : Litteris Hendelianis, [1759]

·        Description:146 p., [2] leaves of plates ;22 cm. (4to)

·        Language:Latin

·        Notes:Head and tail pieces.
Thesisnote: Thesis(M.D.)--Universität Halle, 1759.
References: Garrison-Morton(5th ed.), 470

·        Subject:Plant embryology.;
Plant physiology.;
Plant physiology -- Early works to 1800.;
Botany -- Pre-Linnean works.;
Evolution -- Early works to 1800.;
Reproduction -- Early works to 1800.

·        Med. subject:Plants - embryology.

·        Form / Genre:Early works.

·        Place:Hierarchical: Germany -- Halle an der Saale.

·        Author / Creator:Halle 1759.

·        HOLLIS Number:009726199

·        Creation Date:[1759]

·        Permalink:http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/009726199/catalog

·        Source:HVD ALEPH

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