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跨行连续(Enjambment)
在英语诗歌里,经常会出现一个句子、短语或思想从上一行延续到下一行的情况,这种行间的“转移”被称为“跨行连续”。
When a sentence, phrase, or thought moves from one line to the next without stopping.
比如:
From Song from Chartivel
Marie de France (1155-1189)
Hath any loved you well, down there,1
Summer or winter through?2
Down there, have you found any fair3
Laid in the grave with you?4
’s death’s long kiss a richer kiss5
Than mine was wont to be–6
Or have you gone to some far bliss7
And quite forgotten me?8
……
第3行和第4行出现了跨行连续。
上述行间连续的处理除了保持句子语法结构的完整之外,一般也是为了满足该行诗歌与其他行的押韵,以及保持不同行间的节奏和韵律的工整。在这里,第3行末尾的“fair” 和第1行的末尾“there” 押韵。跨行延续的处理也保障了本诗歌第3行为抑扬三步调。
另见伊丽莎白•巴瑞特•布朗宁的《我如何爱你》例诗:
How do I Lve thee
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. 1
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 2
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 3
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace. 4
I love thee to the level of everyday’s 5
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.6
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;7
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.8
I love thee with a passion put to use 9
In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith.10
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose 11
With my lost saints, — I love thee with the breath, 12
Smiles, tears, of all my life! — and, if God choose, 13
I shall but love thee better after death. 14
这首诗歌由14行组成,但由于不符合十四行诗歌的“韵式”(见后面的英语诗歌诗体一章)所以不能被称为“十四行诗歌”(Sonnets)。这首诗歌的韵式为:” a-b-b-a-a-b-b-a-a-a-a-a-a-a”, 在第5行和第6行使用了行间连续:
I love thee to the level of everyday’s 5
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.6
这样的处理使得第5行押“a” 韵。
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