为便于读者系统了解“真菌”领域的最新进展，本刊精选了近期发表于hLife的相关文章，推出“Fungi”文章合集。本合集重点关注宿主免疫与真菌易感性、抗真菌药物开发、肿瘤微环境中真菌-宿主互作及免疫治疗抵抗，以及侵袭性真菌感染的临床精准诊断。欢迎阅读与分享！

1. Dysregulated STAT1 gain-of-function: Pathogen-free autoimmunity and fungal infection

hLife | STAT1-GOF突变患者——受自身免疫和真菌感染双重折磨

通信作者：卢洪洲、袁静

本文综述了迄今为止发现的STAT1-GOF突变类型以及广泛的临床表型，重点讨论了其导致的无病原体的自身免疫疾病和真菌感染过程中适应性免疫失调的潜在分子机制，并探讨了突变区域和性别差异在临床表型中的潜在影响。

引用：

Guo L, Lian D, Gu Y, et al. Dysregulated STAT1 gain-of-function: Pathogen-free autoimmunity and fungal infection. hLife 2024; 2: 397–418.

2. Advancing global antifungal development to combat invasive fungal infection

hLife | 上海交大刘宁宁研究团队阐述全球抗真菌药物研发新进展

通信作者：刘宁宁

本文探讨了全球侵袭性真菌感染的严重威胁，介绍了世界卫生组织（WHO）发布的真菌优先病原体清单（FPPL），并分析了当前真菌诊断和治疗的现状、挑战及新兴策略，如新型抗真菌药物开发、纳米技术和精准医学的应用。

引用：

Wang XL, Ding J, Wong KH, et al. Advancing global antifungal development to combat invasive fungal infection. hLife 2025; 3: 361–363.

3. Dissection of intratumor microbiome–host interactions at the single-cell level in lung cancer

hLife | 上海交大刘宁宁等团队揭示肺癌瘤内微生物组与宿主在单细胞水平相互作用机制

通信作者：吴文娟，郑小琪，刘宁宁

本研究整合了公开发表的6套共149个肺癌患者组织样本的单细胞RNA测序数据集（包含肺癌、癌旁和脑转移组织三种样本类型），利用SAHMI（宿主单细胞-微生物组互作技术）对单细胞转录组测序序列进行分析来识别与单细胞相关的微生物，通过排除潜在的污染和假阳性的微生物序列，同时去除多数据集整合的批次效应，最终确定了与单个宿主细胞相关的真实微生物序列。通过与对应组织的单细胞转录组联合分析，探究了单细胞分辨率下不同类型宿主细胞与肿瘤内特定细菌和真菌相互作用的潜在机制，为理解瘤内微生物组与肺癌发展的关系提供了新理论，有望发现新的癌症诊断和治疗靶点。

引用：

Ma YJ, Sun YC, Wang L, et al. Dissection of intratumor microbiome–host interactions at the single-cell level in lung cancer. hLife 2025; 3: 391–406.

4. Candida albicans overgrowth impairs anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in oral tumor-bearing mice

通信作者：闫志敏

Candida albicans is one of the most common fungi living in the human gut and oral cavity, and shows associations with the development and prognosis of multiple types of cancer. The previous study found that C. albicans overgrowth promoted oral cancer development and impaired anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) treatment in mice. In this study, C. albicans emerged as a potential factor affecting the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in oral cancer, which was dependent on its abundance. Moreover, the disrupted gut microbiome and the immunosuppressive microenvironment may be the mechanisms for C. albicans overgrowth impairing immunotherapy. 

引用：

Wang X, Zhang X, Wu S, et al. Candida albicans overgrowth impairs anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in oral tumor-bearing mice. hLife 2025; 3: 407–409.

5. Histoplasmosis misdiagnosed as malignancies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients

通信作者：Bassey E. Ekeng

The clinical presentation of histoplasmosis is non-specific and has several mimics. Regarding cancers, previous reviews emphasized mainly the clinical and radiological similarities between histoplasmosis and pulmonary malignancies. Besides lung cancers, histoplasmosis also masquerades as other malignancies. By summarizing multiple cases of histoplasmosis clinically mistaken for malignancies, this perspective found that histoplasmosis was predominantly misdiagnosed as lung cancers, gastrointestinal tumors, and lymphomas/hematological malignancies. Among these patients, the majority were immunocompromised, including those living with HIV. This perspective concludes that infective aetiologies like histoplasmosis should be considered or ruled out in patients clinically suspected of malignancy, regardless of their immune status. 

引用：

Benjamin OE, Bassey TE, Nwagboso CI, et al. Histoplasmosis misdiagnosed as malignancies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. hLife 2025; 3: 386–390.

6. Diagnostics for human pathogenic fungal infections: Current status and future prospects

hLife | 精准诊断真菌感染：从技术突破到临床融合

通信作者：黄新华、陈昌斌

真菌感染已严重威胁到全球数百万人的生命健康。它不仅可以引起浅表性真菌感染，甚至在人体免疫功能受损等情况下可导致全身性血流感染，尤其是免疫受损的人群。更令人担忧的是，这些病原体正迅速对所有已批准的四类抗系统性真菌感染药物产生耐药性，这使得对真菌感染的治疗变得愈加困难。早期诊断对治疗至关重要，但现有诊断方法普遍存在敏感性和特异性不足、检测周期较长等问题，严重限制了临床诊疗效率。本文总结了真菌感染诊断领域的最新进展，并深入探讨相关技术在抗真菌耐药性分析中的关键作用，为实现临床精准治疗和改善患者预后提供了新的思路。

引用：

Huang X, Moses M, Nie L, et al. Diagnostics for human pathogenic fungal infections: Current status and future prospects. hLife 2026; 4: 135–164.