[资料，科普] 沃森 Watson 克里克 Crick 的金属材料 DNA双螺旋模型

双螺旋结构： double helix structure

克里克： Francis Harry Compton Crick, 1916-06-08 ~ 2004-07-28, 88

沃森： James Dewey Watson, 1928-04-06 ~ 2025-11-06, 97

一、沃森、克里克的DNA双螺旋模型：金属材料制作

图1  1-s2.0-S2451929421001005-gr3_lrg.jpg

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2451929421001005-gr3_lrg.jpg

Watson and Crick with the DNA double-helix model. Credit: Antony Barrington Brown.

沃森和克里克的DNA双螺旋模型。

图2  12491626-Watson-and-Crick-with-their-DNA-model.jpg

https://media01.stockfood.com/largepreviews/Mzg3MjQwNDA2/12491626-Watson-and-Crick-with-their-DNA-model.jpg

图3  e94aa1035c0f338f03a7b1d4602e8eb71682404307425.jpg

https://pic.caixin.com/beditor/blog/upload/e94aa1035c0f338f03a7b1d4602e8eb71682404307425.jpg

图4  E1999.597-2.jpeg

http://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/E1999.597-2.jpeg

Replica of the Crick and Watson DNA model

克里克和沃森DNA模型的复制品

二、照片 ≠ 三维空间结构

图5  x-ray-crytallography-figure-3.png

https://wiki.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/wiki/images/22046_X-ray-crystallography/x-ray-crytallography-figure-3.png  

Schematic depiction of the generation of an X-ray diffraction pattern of a single crystal.

https://wiki.anton-paar.com/ae-en/x-ray-crystallography/  

图6  1-s2.0-S2451929421001005-gr2_lrg.jpg

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2451929421001005-gr2_lrg.jpg

   X-ray diffraction patterns of two forms of DNA: A-DNA and B-DNA. Originally published by Franklin and Gosling13 and reproduced from Klug.5 Copyright 2015 Elsevier.

   两种DNA形式的X射线衍射图：A-DNA和B-DNA。最初由 Franklin 和 Gosling 出版，转载自Klug。

参考资料：

[1] 科普中国，季茂业博士，2023-07-28 16:27，DNA双螺旋结构发现70周年，它让生物学迈入分子时代，掀开划时代的变革

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=2&ar_id=428831

[2] J D Watson, F H C Crick. Molecular structure of nucleic acids: A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid [J]. Nature, 1953, 171(4356): 737-738

doi:  10.1038/171737a0

https://www.nature.com/articles/171737a0

[3] M. H. F. Wilkins,  A. R. Stokes, H. R. Wilson. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids [J]. Nature, 1953, 171(4356): 738-740

doi:  10.1038/171738a0

https://www.nature.com/articles/171738a0

[4] Jens Brümmer. How genius can smooth the road to publication [J]. Nature, 426(6963): 119-119

doi:  10.1038/426119a

https://www.nature.com/articles/426119a

   If at first your paper doesn't succeed, try, try — and try to find a brilliant supporter.

   Likewise — according to John Maddox, a former editor of Nature, quoted in the New York Times (25 February 2003) — this manuscript was never sent out to reviewers. The editors accepted the paper upon receipt of a “Publish” covering letter from Nobel laureate Sir Lawrence Bragg.

   Thus, to complete the final moral for rejected authors of presumed Nobel-winning work — persist, and get in contact with a noble genius.

[5] John Maddox. How genius can smooth the road to publication [J]. Nature, 426(6963): 119-119

doi:  10.1038/426119b

https://www.nature.com/articles/426119b

   As Jens Brümmer states, the Watson and Crick paper was not peer-reviewed by Nature. I have two comments on this. First, the Crick and Watson paper could not have been refereed: its correctness is self-evident. No referee working in the field (Linus Pauling?) could have kept his mouth shut once he saw the structure.

[6] Virgil Percec, Qi Xiao. The legacy of Rosalind E. Franklin: Landmark contributions to two Nobel Prizes [J]. Chem, 2021, 7(3): 529-536 , 11 March

doi:  10.1016/j.chempr.2021.02.020

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451929421001005

[7] Science Museum, 2018-04-27, JIM WATSON: FROM THE DOUBLE HELIX TO CANCER DRUGS AND THE POPE

https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/jim-watson-from-the-double-helix-to-cancer-drugs-and-the-pope/

[8] Science Photo Library, Watson and Crick with their DNA model

https://www.science-photo.de/bilder/12491626-Watson-and-Crick-with-their-DNA-model

[9] 2025-11-11，DNA双螺旋/DNA double helix/关一夫，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=127776&Type=bkzyb&SubID=109743

   由两条互补的多聚脱氧核苷酸链反向平行所形成的螺旋构象。通常指B型双螺旋或B型DNA。

   除了B型DNA，还有A型DNA和Z型DNA。

   在不同的环境(例如盐浓度、湿度)条件下和/或不同的脱氧核苷酸序列，双链DNA分子可呈现不同类型的双螺旋。当实验条件由较大的相对湿度转变为<75%时，B型DNA可转变为A型DNA。A型DNA与B型DNA一样，核苷酸为反式(见脱氧核苷酸)，也是右手双螺旋；两者不同的是，A型DNA螺旋直径比B型DNA大，同一链上相邻碱基对之间的转角为33°，每周含有11个核苷酸残基。Z型DNA的多聚脱氧核苷酸链为反式嘧啶核苷酸残基与顺式嘌呤核苷酸残基交替出现的序列，多见反式胞嘧啶或反式5-甲基胞嘧啶与顺式鸟嘌呤交替出现的序列；呈左手“Z”形双螺旋构象，直径较短，每周含有12个核苷酸残基。存在于活细胞内的DNA是B型DNA，在部分序列中有Z型DNA存在。

以前的《科学网》相关博文链接

[1] 2025-12-01 15:41，[资料，科普] A-form, B-form, Z-form DNA 及其 X射线衍射照片

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1512497.html

[2] 2025-11-30 16:55，[资料，科普] DNA双螺旋的基本含义，及其发现、发表过程的要点

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1512344.html

[3] 2025-11-29 16:49，[资料，科普，汇集] DNA 的 X射线衍射照片及其拍摄

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1512259.html

[4] 2025-11-28 22:25，[资料，科普] 1938年弗洛伦斯·贝尔 Florence Ogilvy Bell 的 DNA X射线衍射照片

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1512190.html

[5] 2025-11-27 16:50，[资料，科普] 富兰克林 Franklin、高斯林的 DNA X射线衍射“照片51 Photograph 51”

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1512019.html

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