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Building Cyclic Planar Chirality via Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition
一、基本信息(kimi阅读)
Ke Tang, Hailong Chen, Jincheng Zhang, Jing Huang, Wanrong Xie, Ran Deng, Minghui Xu, Yong-Yuan Gui, Xiang-Yang Liu,* Haifeng Xiang,* Jintong Song*
Planar–chiral compounds have garnered significant interest due to their unique stereochemical features and promising applications in asymmetric catalysis, materials science, and molecular recognition. To date, only a few representative classes have been discovered and synthesized, including planar-chiral cyclophanes, ferrocenes, and macrocyclic hosts such as pillararenes and calixarenes. The construction of novel planar-chiral architectures therefore continues to pose a formidable challenge. Herein, we present a simple but highly effective approach for constructing a new form of planar chirality through the formation of three-dimensional double-layered cyclic molecular architectures. Photocycloaddition of C=C double bonds embedded within benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide affords trans Z-type (Trans-1) and cis-∏-type (Cis-Rac-1) dimers. While Trans-1 is achiral owing to its central symmetry, Cis-Rac-1 adopts a distinctive bisplanar geometry that gives rise to an unprecedented type of planar chirality. The enantiomers of Cis-Rac-1 are successfully resolved via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction unequivocally confirm the planar–chiral nature of these enantiomers. Moreover, both experimental and computational results show that the planar chirality is highly stable, with a racemization barrier exceeding 35 kcal/mol. These findings establish a general and straightforward strategy for construction of planar chirality, opening new avenues for the design of planar–chiral functional materials.

Chin. J. Chem. 2026, 44, 2481—2486. DOI: 10.1002/cjoc. 70609
二、研究背景与意义
平面手性化合物因其独特的立体化学特征,在不对称催化、材料科学和分子识别等领域具有重要应用。然而,已知的平面手性骨架类型有限,主要包括:
[2.2]对环蕃(paracyclophane)
四苯乙烯(tetraphenylene)及其衍生物
杯芳烃(calixarenes)和柱芳烃(pillararenes)等大环主体

本研究的创新点:作者首次提出了一种简单高效的策略,通过苯并[b]噻吩1,1-二氧化物(BTO)的分子间[2+2]光环加成反应,构建了一种全新的(Rp)/(Sp)平面手性三维双层环状分子骨架。

三、研究内容与方法1. 反应与产物
以 2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)苯并[b]噻吩1,1-二氧化物 为底物,其两个π键在光照下发生[2+2]光环加成,生成两种二聚体:
Trans-1:trans Z型构型,具有中心对称性,非手性
Cis-Rac-1:cis-型构型,具有不对称的双平面几何结构,表现出前所未有的平面手性
2. 对映体拆分与表征
使用手性高效液相色谱(HPLC)成功将外消旋体Cis-Rac-1拆分为两个对映体:
Cis-Sp-1(第一个峰)
Cis-Rp-1(第二个峰)
两个对映体均获得 >98% ee,收率均 >50%
通过单晶X射线衍射(CCDC号:2526083–2526084, 2526185, 2526187)直接确定了绝对构型

3. 手性定义
作者定义了该新型平面手性的(Rp)/(Sp)构型判定规则:从2,3-二氢噻吩1,1-二氧化物的任一平面观察,由五个原子(S、C1、C2、C3=C4)构成的五元杂环骨架,根据这些原子的原子序数优先顺序来确定构型。
4. 光谱表征
圆二色谱(CD):Cis-Rp-1和Cis-Sp-1的CD光谱呈完美镜像关系,证实了对映体关系;实验CD谱与理论计算结果吻合良好。
紫外-可见吸收光谱:在CH₂Cl₂溶液中(3.0×10⁻⁵ mol·dm⁻³)进行了测定。

四、关键结果:手性稳定性
这是本研究的核心亮点之一:
实验结果:将Cis-Sp-1在413–453 K加热1小时,未观察到外消旋化迹象,说明其外消旋化能垒超过35 kcal/mol,属于对映体稳定物种。
DFT计算:采用M06/def2-SVP(含D3色散校正)水平进行理论计算,研究了通过开环途径的外消旋化机理。结果表明,外消旋化需经历两步开环:
第一步能垒高达39.8 kcal/mol,证实该平面手性在常温下极其稳定,难以通过热活化发生外消旋化。
首先断裂C3–C4键,形成双自由基中间体
随后断裂C1–C2键,得到开环产物

五、结论
本研究首次实现了通过[2+2]光环加成反应构建新型环状平面手性。所得平面手性化合物具有良好的溶解性和优异的手性稳定性(外消旋化能垒>35 kcal/mol),为平面手性功能材料的设计与应用提供了新的思路和方法。
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