The shape of leaf mines 潜道的形状

关键词 Key words: leafminer,mine,insect,潜叶虫,潜道,昆虫,植物,plant

According to the shape, leaf mines can be classified into three main types: (1) linear mines; (2) blotch mines; (3) linear-blotch mines. If the larva tunnel only in one direction through the parenchyma, linear mines are produced. If the tunnels are winding then they are named serpentine mines. When the larva create broad patches during eating, blotch mines are formed. The blotch may vary in different shapes such as circular, oval, oblong, lobed, omoeba-like, digitate, etc. There are a whole series of intergradations between typical linear and blotch mines . Often a linear mine expands suddenly and broadly, or, sometimes a blotch mine extends to a narrow channel, both cases are called linear-blotch mines (Needham et al, 1928; Hering, 1951; Csóka,2003).

根据形状，潜道可以分为3种基本类型:线型、斑块型和线-斑块型。如果幼虫保持同一个方向在叶肉中挖掘隧道，就形成了线型潜道。如果这个隧道是蜿蜒的，就叫做蛇形潜道。如果幼虫取食时造成宽的斑块，就形成了斑块型潜道。斑块型潜道的形状多变，包括圆形、椭圆形、长方形、叶状、变形虫状、指状等。在典型的线型潜道和斑块型潜道间有一系列的过渡。经常有线型潜道突然扩展变宽，或者有时候斑块型潜道延伸出一条窄的虫道，这两种情形都叫做线-斑块型潜道(Needham et al, 1928; Hering, 1951; Csóka,2003)。

References 参考文献:

Csóka G 2003. Levélaknák és levélaknázók - Leaf mines and leaf miners. Budapest:Hungarian Forest Research Institute. 1-192.
HERING E M. 1951. Biology of the leaf miners. Berlin: Dr. W. Junk Gravenhage, 1-420.
Needham J G, Frost S W, Tothill D. 1928. Leaf-mining insects. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkens, Co., 1-351.

Fig 1. Linear mines on Tropaeolum majus. 旱金莲上的线型潜道
(Photo by Dr. Mingxun Ren with Nikon COOLPIX 15 @ Beijing Botanic Garden, China in May 2009. 任明迅博士2009年5月摄于北京植物园，Nikon COOLPIX 15)

Fig 2. Blotch mines on Pueraria lobata 野葛上的斑块型潜道
(Photo by Xiaohua Dai with Olympus X-775 @ his parents' vegetable garden, Liancheng, Fujian, China, August 17 2008)

Fig 3. Linear-blotch mines on Blastus apricus. 线萼金花树上的线-斑块型潜道 (Scanned by Jian Zhou with Winfolia LA2400 scanner. The mined leaves were collected by Xiaohua Dai, Jiasheng Xu, Jing Zeng, Jun Li from Jiulianshan Nature Reserve, June 2009. The species name of plant was identified by Renlin Liu)

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