在干旱的沙漠中，有一种神奇的甲虫，它的外壳能够从雾气中收集水分，维持生存。科学家们受到这种沙漠甲虫的启发，研发出了一种新型的集雾表面。这种集雾表面有着独特的设计，它结合了弯曲的微观结构和交替的亲水性与疏水性区域。具体来说，是在疏水性的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）弯曲图案上分散了亲水性的二氧化硅（SiO₂）颗粒。亲水性的凸起部分就像一个个小“陷阱”，能够促进水滴的凝结和捕获；而疏水性的弯曲表面则如同微小的通道，能让水滴定向移动，从而提高集水效率。和普通的平面相比，这种弯曲结构能让集水效率提高约30%。研究人员还对不同润湿性的表面进行了系统比较，考察了雾气流动距离、亲水性颗粒成分、表面润湿性分布以及弯曲排列等多种参数。此外，他们还借鉴了鸟巢蕨叶子的几何漏斗形状，让凝结的水滴能更好地流向收集区域，形成了一种结合微观沙漠甲虫结构和宏观蕨类几何形状的双重仿生机制。在森林环境中进行的过夜集雾实验证实了这个装置的出色性能。而且，整个制造过程在普通环境下就能完成，不需要高真空技术和昂贵设备。这个高效集雾装置为大气集水提供了一种可大规模生产、可持续且成本低廉的解决方案，有望改善缺水地区的用水状况。

期刊

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

标题

Desert beetle-inspired fog-harvesting surfaces integrating buckled microchannels and alternating wettability

作者

Ting-Yu Xu, Chun-Chen Hung, Chieh-Yun Juan, Pei-Chieh Tseng and  Han-Yu Hsueh

摘要

In this study, we present a novel fog-harvesting surface featuring buckled microstructures with alternating hydrophilic–hydrophobic regions, inspired by the elytra of desert beetles. The surface was fabricated by dispersing hydrophilic SiO2 particles on hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) buckled patterns. The hydrophilic protrusions promote droplet condensation and capture, whereas the hydrophobic buckled surfaces, functioning similarly to microchannels, facilitate directional transport to enhance water collection. Compared to flat surfaces, buckled structures can improve water collection efficiency by approximately 30%. This design with alternating wettability was systematically compared with fully hydrophilic and fully hydrophobic surfaces. Various parameters, including the fog flow distance, hydrophilic particle composition, surface wettability distribution, and buckle alignment, were investigated. Furthermore, the geometric funnel-shaped growth pattern of bird's nest fern leaves was incorporated to guide condensed droplets toward the collection zone, forming a dual-biomimetic mechanism that integrates microscale desert beetle-inspired structures with macroscale fern-inspired geometry. Real-world field tests—specifically, overnight fog collection experiments conducted in a forest environment—further confirmed the excellent performance of our device. Notably, the entire fabrication process can be conducted under ambient conditions; high-vacuum techniques and costly equipment are not required. The developed high-efficiency fog-harvesting device offers a scalable, sustainable, and inexpensive solution to atmospheric water collection, contributing to improved water accessibility in water-scarce regions.

原文链接

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/ta/d5ta05905d

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