贝索斯：创业需要“空杯”心态

        一个高水平的创新，最大的悖论就是，你既要成为你这个领域的专家，同时还要拥有初学者的心态。你必须同时这两个条件。世界对于初学者来说，真的太复杂了。所以无论我多么具有创造力，我也无法发明一种全新的脑科学手术方法。你必须是一个神经外科医生，你必须已经充分掌握所有脑部手术的原理和方法，才能进入更高级的发明创造。问题在于，大部分人在成为专家的时候，就已经失去了用新视角看待事物的能力。他们忘记了“空杯”心态。

        One of the great paradoxes of inventing at a high level is that you need to be an expert in your domain area and you need to have a beginner's mind. you absolutely need both of those things. the world is too complex to actually just be a beginner. So you know, I can't no matter how inventive I am, I can't go invent a new kind of brain surgery. You have to be a neurosurgeon, you have to already know all there is to know about brain surgery and then take it to the next level. The problem is for many people by the time they become true experts they've lost that ability to see things in a fresh way, they've lost the beginner's mind.