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托马斯·潘恩(Thomas Paine)在《常识》(Common Sense)里对政府的起源与目的进行探讨,辛辣地对英国君主政体和世袭制度进行批判,并对美国独立的必要性、可行性进行论证,提出美国建国原则并设计建国制度。
一
《常识》的两句话:
“权力长期地、过度地遭到滥用,往往会导致人们质疑权力的正当性。”(As a long and violent abuse of power is generally the means of calling the right or it in question, …)
引用意大利政治学家、法学家德拉戈内蒂·季亚青托(1789—1871)的话“政治家的科学在于确定幸福与自由的精义。凡是能够发现一种使国家花费最小代价为个人谋取最大幸福的政体的人,是值得永世感恩的。”(The science of the politician consists in fixing the true point of happiness and freedom. Those men would deserve the gratitude of ages, who should discover a mode of government that contained the greatest sum of individual happiness, with the least national expense.)。
二
1904年,美国《企业家》杂志选用《常识》中的一段话作为发刊词。此后百余年中沧海桑田,物是人非,但杂志扉页上的这段话却从来没有改变,它被称为企业家誓言: I do not choose to be a common person. It is my right to be uncommon—if I can. I seek opportunity—not security. I do not wish to be a kept citizen, humbled and dulled by having the state look after me. I want to take the calculated risk, to dream and to build, to fail and to succeed. I refuse to barter incentive for a dole; I prefer the challenges of life to the guaranteed existence; the thrill of fulfillment to the stale calm of Utopia. I will not trade my freedom for beneficence nor my dignity for a handout. I will never cower before any master nor bend to any threat. It is my heritage to stand erect, proud, and unafraid; to think and act for myself; to enjoy the benefit of my creations; and to face the world boldly and say: “This, with God’s help, I have done.”
我是不会选择做一个普通人的。 如果我能够做到的话,我有权成为一位不寻常的人。 我寻找机会,但我不寻求安稳,我不希望在国家的照顾下成为一名有保障的国民,那将被人瞧不起而使我感到痛苦不堪。 我要做有意义的冒险。 我要梦想,我要创造,我要失败,我也要成功。 我拒绝用刺激来换取施舍; 我宁愿向生活挑战,而不愿过有保证的生活;宁愿要达到目的时的激动,而不愿要乌托邦式毫无生气的平静。 我不会拿我的自由与慈善作交易,也不会拿我的尊严去与发给乞丐的食物作交易。 我决不会在任何一位大师面前发抖,也不会为任何恐吓所屈服。 我的天性是挺胸直立,骄傲而无所畏惧。 我勇敢地面对这个世界,自豪地说: 在上帝的帮助下,我已经做到了。
(网上翻译,供参考)
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