（本文发表于《The Electronic Library》2026年第2期P408–432.）

Purpose

This study aims to discover the factors that affect the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technology by academic librarians within Pakistani universities. It aims to identify the vibrant drivers and challenges within organisational, technological and environmental contexts and to produce theory and practical knowledge about the integration of AI within higher education libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a mixed-methods research design, involving both quantitative and qualitative interviews. To understand the principles underlying the interactions between these constructs, the study administers a survey questionnaire to evaluate the research model, using structural equation modelling (SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) to identify essential conditions for outcomes and conduct heterogeneity analysis to identify factors for AI adoption success.

Findings

The technological aspects of compatibility and complexity are strong drivers in shaping perceptions of AI’s ease of use and utility, with compatibility positively influencing perceptions of usability but not always affecting perceived value. Organisational elements include top management support and technological readiness, while environmental factors encompass competitive pressures that drive the imperative for integration.

Originality/value

This study uses an innovative integration of two theoretical models, the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the technology–organisation–environment (TOE) framework, to provide an understanding of AI adoption. The TAM and TOE frameworks will be used to explore AI adoption within university libraries and address an essential research gap in developing economies, such as Pakistan. It provides practical managerial guidelines to policymakers, encouraging AI integration through leadership support, infrastructural readiness and responsiveness within the organisation. It also provides a baseline standard for AI adoption research, using the stringency of mixed methods through the employment of SEM, thematic analysis and NCA.

研究目的

本研究旨在探讨影响巴基斯坦高校图书馆员采纳人工智能（AI）技术的因素，识别组织、技术与环境层面的关键驱动因素与挑战，并形成关于人工智能在高校图书馆应用的理论与实践知识。

设计 / 方法 / 路径

本研究采用混合研究方法，结合定量与定性访谈。为揭示各变量间作用机制，研究通过问卷调查对理论模型进行实证检验，运用 结构方程模型（SEM）与必要条件分析（NCA）识别实现结果的核心条件，并开展异质性分析，以确定人工智能技术成功采纳的关键因素。

研究结果

技术层面的兼容性与复杂性是影响人工智能易用性与有用性感知的重要驱动因素：兼容性正向影响易用性感知，但并非总能作用于感知价值。组织因素包括高层管理支持与技术就绪度；环境因素则体现为竞争压力，该压力推动了人工智能技术的应用。

创新性 / 价值

本研究创新性整合技术接受模型（TAM）与技术–组织–环境（TOE）框架，用于解释人工智能采纳行为。借助 TAM 与 TOE 框架探讨高校图书馆人工智能应用问题，弥补了巴基斯坦等发展中经济体在该领域的研究空白。研究为政策制定者提供可操作的管理建议，强调通过组织内部领导支持、基础设施建设与响应能力推动人工智能应用；同时，综合运用结构方程模型、必要条件分析与主题分析等严谨的混合研究方法，为人工智能采纳研究提供基准参考。

链接：Research on the factors influencing the adoption of artificial intelligence technology by university librarians | The Electronic Library | Emerald Publishing 

Citation

Subuhpoto S, Liu G, Su W, Aziz F (2026), "Research on the factors influencing the adoption of artificial intelligence technology by university librarians". The Electronic Library, Vol. 44 No. 2 pp. 408–432, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-03-2025-0077