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Proteinase K(蛋白酶 K,AbMole,M1542)是分离自白色侧齿霉(Tritirachium album)的胞外丝氨酸内切蛋白酶,分子量约 28.9 kDa,属于枯草杆菌蛋白酶(subtilisin,S8)家族。Proteinase K优先水解脂肪族、芳香族及疏水性氨基酸羧基端的肽键,底物谱极广。由于能够在 SDS、尿素等变性剂存在下保持活性,且可有效灭活 DNase、RNase 等核酸酶,Proteinase K 成为分子生物学中使用频率最高的工具酶之一,广泛应用于核酸提取、组织消化与蛋白去除等实验环节。
分子层面,Proteinase K(CAS No.:39450-01-6)的晶体结构显示其具有典型的 α/β 折叠催化结构域与两个 Ca²⁺ 结合位点,Ca²⁺ 结合可稳定酶构象、减缓自降解,但并非催化必需。该酶在 pH 7.5-12 范围内保持活性,最适温度约 55-65°C,0.5%—1% SDS 与高浓度尿素不仅不抑制其活性,反而可通过底物变性提升其消化效率。这种极端环境耐受性源于其紧凑的二硫键网络与表面电荷分布。
在细胞与分子实验中,Proteinase K(AbMole,M1542)是核酸制备流程的核心组分:在细胞裂解液中以 50-100 μg/mL、50-56°C 处理,可降解组蛋白与膜蛋白、灭活内源核酸酶,释放高质量基因组 DNA 与总 RNA;在原位杂交与免疫染色前处理中,低浓度(1-10 μg/mL)短时消化可温和透化细胞与组织切片,暴露核酸或抗原表位。在朊病毒细胞模型中,Proteinase K承担关键的分析功能:以 20-100 μg/mL 处理 Scrapie 感染的神经母细胞瘤 ScN2a 细胞裂解液,正常朊病毒蛋白被完全水解,而致病性朊病毒蛋白因 β 折叠富集留下了蛋白酶抗性核心,经免疫印迹呈现特征性条带迁移,构成朊病毒检测与株型分型的常用方法。
在动物实验相关研究中,Proteinase K(CAS No.:39450-01-6)同样是组织样本处理的经典试剂。在朊病毒小鼠生物测定模型中,感染 RML 等朊病毒株的小鼠脑组织匀浆经 Proteinase K 消化后行免疫印迹,可根据蛋白酶抗性条带的有无与糖基化模式判定感染状态与毒株类型,该流程被广泛用于病毒潜伏期测定、传代研究与干预效果的评价。在动物基因分型与组织分子分析中,鼠尾、耳缘或脏器样本经 55°C 过夜 Proteinase K 消化即可释放 PCR 级基因组 DNA,是转基因动物繁育鉴定的常规步骤。此外,该酶还用于动物组织原位杂交、石蜡切片抗原修复前的蛋白透化处理,以及外泌体、病毒颗粒表面蛋白的拓扑结构分析。
综上,Proteinase K(AbMole,M1542)凭借广谱底物特异性、极端条件耐受性与对核酸酶的高效灭活能力,成为核酸制备、组织消化与朊病毒分析中不可替代的工具酶。Proteinase K至今仍是分子生物学研究中的基础通用试剂。
* 本文所述均为科研试剂,仅供科学研究参考
参考文献[1] Ebeling W, et al. Proteinase K from Tritirachium album Limber. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1974, 47(1): 91-97.
[2] Gunkel F A, Gassen H G. Proteinase K from Tritirachium album Limber: characterization of the chromosomal gene and expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1989, 179(1): 185-194.
[3] Betzel C, et al. Three-dimensional structure of proteinase K at 0.15-nm resolution. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1988, 178(1): 155-171.
[4] McKinley M P, et al. A protease-resistant protein is a structural component of the infectious prion. Cell, 1983, 35(1): 57-62.
[5] Sambrook J, Russell D W. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001.
细胞实验参考
细胞系:Various mammalian cultured cell lines (e.g., HeLa, HEK-293T, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts)
方法:Proteinase K is predominantly utilized as an ex vivo sample processing reagent in cellular experiments. Cells are lysed with SDS-containing lysis buffer, then incubated with proteinase K to digest cellular proteins, inactivate endogenous nucleases and reverse formaldehyde cross-links prior to genomic DNA extraction, total RNA purification, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and in situ hybridization sample pretreatment. It is also applied to strip cell surface membrane proteins for receptor shedding and protein internalization analysis.
浓度:50, 100, 200 μg/mL (final working concentration in digestion buffer)
处理时间:1–3 h at 55 °C for routine nucleic acid extraction; 12–16 h (overnight) at 37 °C for cross-link reversal in ChIP assays
参考文献:BioTechniques. 2001 Jan;30 (1):142-148
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
动物实验参考
动物模型:No mature systemic in vivo administration protocol for Proteinase K has been reported in peer-reviewed PubMed literature. This enzyme is exclusively used for ex vivo processing of animal-derived specimens, including fresh tissue homogenates, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and frozen tissue slices.
配制:For ex vivo tissue processing: diluted in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) with 1 mM EDTA and 0.5% SDS for nucleic acid extraction; diluted in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for histopathological antigen retrieval
剂量:Not available for in vivo administration
给药处理:Not available for in vivo administration
参考文献:J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Oct;66 (10):731-742
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过超声和(或)加热的方式助溶。切勿一次性将产品全部溶解。

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