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ALC-0315(AbMole,M22500)是用于构建脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)的可电离阳离子脂质,化学名为 (4-羟丁基)氮杂二基双(己烷-6,1-二基)双(2-己基癸酸酯),分子量 766.3。LNP是RNA递送领域中最有应用潜力的载体之一,其中可电离脂质是构成LNP最为关键的四个组分之一(四个组分一般为可电离脂质、磷脂、胆固醇、PEG -脂质),并且可电离脂质是最为关键的功能核心,直接决定了 RNA的包封效率、细胞摄取与内体逃逸能力。例如有文献选择ALC-0315 作为 BNT162b2 mRNA 疫苗 LNP 的可电离脂质组分(该LNP的摩尔比 为ALC-0315 : DSPC : 胆固醇 : ALC-0159 = 46.3 : 9.4 : 42.7 : 1.6),ALC-0315 已成为 RNA 递送研究中被引用最广泛的脂质之一。
分子层面,ALC-0315(CAS No.:2036272-55-4)的功能建立在 pH 依赖的电离行为之上:其表观 pKa 约 6.1,在酸性配制缓冲液(pH 4.0)中叔胺头基质子化带正电,与带负电的 mRNA或者siRNA 经静电作用后能实现高效包封;而ALC-0315在生理 pH 下又呈电中性,这能降低非特异性相互作用与细胞毒性;ALC-0315构成的LNP在被细胞内吞进入酸性内体(pH<6.5)后重新质子化,与内体膜阴离子磷脂形成离子对,促使膜融合与 RNA 胞质释放。其两条支化酯链尾可被胞内酯酶逐步降解,赋予载体良好的生物可降解性与耐受性。上述理化特征为ALC-0315(AbMole,M22500)强大的RNA递送效率提供了基础。
ALC-0315(AbMole,M22500)在细胞层面的应用主要围绕 RNA的体外递送展开。将荧光素酶或 eGFP 编码 mRNA 与 ALC-0315、DSPC、胆固醇、PEG 脂质经微流控混合自组装成 LNP 后,可在 HEK293、HepG2 及原代免疫细胞中实现高效蛋白表达,转染效率高于传统的脂质体。此外,机制研究还显示,可电离脂质本身可被 TLR4 等模式识别受体感知,激活 NF-κB 与 IRF 通路,空载 LNP 与载 mRNA的 LNP 诱导的炎症因子谱高度相似,提示该载体具有作为固有免疫佐剂的应用潜力。
ALC-0315(CAS No.:2036272-55-4)的体内应用以小鼠模型为代表,主要研究mRNA疫苗在动物体内的递送情况。在小鼠肌肉注射模型中,单独注射 ALC-0315- LNP 包裹的抗原 mRNA 即可诱导剂量依赖性的抗体应答,并伴随强 Th1 型 CD4⁺T 细胞与 IFNγ⁺CD8⁺T 细胞反应。在恒河猴初免-加强模型中,BNT162b 候选疫苗诱导的中和抗体几何平均滴度达到康复猴血清面板的 8.2-18.2 倍。另一方面,皮内注射高剂量的负载 mRNA的LNP (该LNP的核心组分为ALC-0315)的小鼠研究显示,该 LNP 能诱导局部炎症细胞浸润与 IL-1β、IL-6 升高。
综上,ALC-0315(AbMole,M22500)作为经过大规模验证的可电离脂质分子,为 RNA递送体系的构建提供了高效的组分。其 pH 依赖型的电离机制、生物可降解性与固有免疫活性的多重属性,使ALC-0315成为核酸递送、基因表达调控与疫苗载体基础研究中的明星试剂。
* 本文所述均为科研试剂,仅供科学研究参考
参考文献[1] Hou X, et al. Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nature Reviews Materials, 2021, 6(12): 1078-1094.
[2] Vogel A B, et al. BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2. Nature, 2021, 592(7853): 283-289.
[3] Schoenmaker L, et al. mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: structure and stability. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2021, 601: 120586.
[4] Ndeupen S, et al. The mRNA-LNP platform's lipid nanoparticle component used in preclinical vaccine studies is highly inflammatory. iScience, 2021, 24(4): 102479.
[5] Pardi N, et al. mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2018, 17(4): 261-279.
细胞实验参考
细胞系:Human embryonic kidney HEK-293T cell line and primary mouse hepatocytes
方法:ALC-0315 was formulated into ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with DSPC, cholesterol and DMG-PEG₂₀₀₀ at a molar ratio of 50:10:38.5:1.5, encapsulating enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mRNA or target siRNA; cells were incubated with serially diluted LNPs in complete culture medium; transfection efficiency and gene silencing efficacy were quantified by fluorescence microplate reader, confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR; cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay to exclude non-specific cytotoxicity
浓度:10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 ng mRNA per well (96-well plate); 30 nM siRNA
处理时间:24 h for mRNA expression and siRNA-mediated target gene knockdown detection; 4 h for cellular uptake kinetics analysis
参考文献:J Control Release. 2025 Mar 10;379:281-294
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
动物实验参考
动物模型:Male C57BL/6J mice, 8–10 weeks old, healthy immunocompetent model for systemic LNP biodistribution and hepatic gene delivery evaluation
配制:ALC-0315-based LNPs encapsulating firefly luciferase mRNA or target siRNA were prepared with DSPC, cholesterol and DMG-PEG₂₀₀₀ at molar ratio 50:10:38.5:1.5; diluted in sterile phosphate-buffered saline for intravenous tail vein injection
剂量:0.03, 0.25, 1, 5 mg/kg (calculated by mRNA/siRNA mass)
给药处理:Single bolus intravenous injection via tail vein; in vivo bioluminescence imaging was performed at 6 and 24 h post-administration to quantify tissue-specific expression; target gene knockdown in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting at 24 h post-dosing; serum liver injury markers (ALT, AST, bile acids) were detected at 5 h after high-dose administration
参考文献:ACS Nano. 2024 Feb 27;18 (8):5324-5337
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过超声和(或)加热的方式助溶。切勿一次性将产品全部溶解。
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