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Artesunate(青蒿琥酯,AbMole,M1293)是Artemisinin(AbMole,M4382)的半合成衍生物,其水溶性较母体化合物显著提高,生物利用度得到改善。Artesunate(CAS No.:88495-63-0)进入体内后迅速水解为活性代谢物双氢青蒿素(Dihydroartemisinin,DHA,AbMole,M4991),后者保留过氧桥键结构,在Fe²⁺催化下产生碳中心自由基,引发脂质过氧化和细胞损伤[1]。Artesunate(青蒿酯,AbMole,M1293)的激活效率高,半衰期长,这使其在体外实验和动物模型中的应用更为广泛。 Artesunate(青蒿琥酯,AbMole,M1293)在抗疟原虫和肿瘤领域备受关注,已有文献证实多种肿瘤细胞系对Artesunate表现出敏感性。Artesunate在K562白血病细胞中,以1-10 μM的浓度处理24–48小时即可诱导显著细胞死亡,IC₅₀约为5 μM;HeLa细胞中,10 μM能抑制增殖并诱导凋亡,且与转铁蛋白联合使用时敏感性可提高3–5倍;Artesunate(青蒿琥酯)在HCT116结肠癌细胞中,在25–100 μM范围内能通过激活内质网应激通路降低细胞存活率[2]。值得注意的是,Artesunate(CAS No.:88495-63-0)对正常细胞的毒性显著低于肿瘤细胞,这种选择性与其在不同细胞类型中的铁代谢状态和抗氧化能力差异相关[3]。动物实验进一步验证了Artesunate的体内活性:小鼠疟原虫感染模型中,腹腔注射10–30 mg/kg(每日一次,连续3天)可有效清除疟原虫;大鼠肿瘤移植模型中,腹腔注射25–75 mg/kg的Artesunate(每日一次,连续2周)可抑制肿瘤生长并延长生存期[4]。Artesunate还被用于研究其在小鼠类风湿关节炎模型中的抗炎作用,机制涉及抑制NF-κB和MAPK信号通路[5]。
参考文献及鸣谢
[1] Efferth, T.; Sauerbrey, A.; Olbrich, A.; et al. Molecular modes of action of artesunate in tumor cell lines. Molecular Pharmacology 2003, 64 (2), 382–394.
[2] Zhou, H. J.; Wang, W. Q.; Wu, G. D.; et al. Artesunate inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2007, 13 (3), 222–226.
[3] Mercer, A. E.; Maggs, J. L.; Sun, X. M.; et al. Evidence for the involvement of carbon-centered radicals in the induction of apoptotic cell death by artemisinin compounds. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007, 282 (13), 9372–9382.
[4] Li, P. C.; Lam, E.; Roome, T.; et al. Artesunate protects sepsis model mice against lung injury by inhibiting the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Inflammation Research 2015, 64 (12), 945–954.
[5] Xu, H.; He, X.; Sun, J.; et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of artesunate in experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 2015, 37 (3), 261–267.
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