预印本文章：

Liu, Yue, The Primacy of Problem Formulation in Scientific Inquiry: Why Asking the Right Question Matters more than Experimental Validation (November 06, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5709303 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5709303

相关文章：问题为先：论科学发现中正确问题提出的核心地位

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3589443-1509101.html

Karl Popper理论研究的专家Rafe Champion对我的上述预印本文章发表评论（节选如下）：

https://yueliusd.substack.com/p/the-primacy-of-problem-formulation：

If scientists take these ideas to heart then the practice of many will change. And if they are taken up by people other than scientists then we can hope to move towards a more problem-solving community. Immense resources of creative and critical problem-solving energy are locked up by conservative theories of knowledge in their traditional and radical forms. These resources may be released by the evolutionary approach championed by Karl Popper. But these ideas are threatened because Popperian philosophers are an endangered species and they could be extinct in the universities within a generation. [WRITTEN IN 1983]

This places a heavy responsibility upon people outside the academies to keep these ideas alive, (so long as they stand up to criticism) and to preserve them for future generations who in time may break down the barriers that the ruling academic guilds have erected against Popper's ideas.“

Rafe Champion的系列评论的导读：

Karl Popper是那位被认为提出“只有能用实验证伪的东西才称得上（自然）科学”的那位大名鼎鼎的哲学家。实际上对Karl Popper理论这种理解仅仅是抓住了Karl Popper理论的皮毛。Karl Popper理论的本质实际上是以“问题为先导、大胆质疑、勇于纠正错误、大胆提出新问题”为中心的真正做学问的理论。现代科学界只抓住Karl Popper理论的“科学必须能用实验证伪”（实证）的皮毛，而忽视了Karl Popper理论中更本质的东西。结果导致报道实验现象、没有理论进步的垃圾文章大量发表，对科学进步产生负贡献、致使科学自70年代开始停滞。这是做Cargo Cult Science的结果：只抓住做学问的表面形式，没有理解做学的真正底层逻辑。

Karl Popper理论中证伪的实质是以问题为先导的质疑、纠错、和进步，而不是“实验是检验理论的唯一标准”。

分析“95%的文章是垃圾与搽屁股纸的比喻”

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3589443-1509286.html

伽利略的思想实验与逻辑的力量

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3589443-1510679.html

现代科学界的问题与错误的科学哲学认知：实验至上论的危机与理论主导性的回归

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3589443-1510478.html

失败的守门人：现代同行评审的系统性不负责任、理论性衰退与科学问责机制的崩塌

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3589443-1510388.html