Volume  4  Issue  6

封面解读

安静/盛子洋

Dengue virus infection during pregnancy is closely associated with severe adverse fetal outcomes, while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study uses a mouse model to show that the virus triggers extensive neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) in the placenta. Excessive NETosis induces intense oxidative stress, which initiates endothelial ferroptosis in placental blood vessels, destroying vascular structure and ultimately leading to fetal growth restriction. Interventions targeting extracellular traps, ferroptosis, and antioxidant balance can effectively alleviate placental vascular damage and improve fetal development. The cover vividly illustrates this pathogenic mechanism. A clear river on the left symbolizes healthy placental vasculature supporting normal fetal growth. Dark clouds overhead symbolize dengue virus infection. Activated neutrophils trigger oxidative stress, while crumbling riverbanks symbolize endothelial ferroptosis. Barren land and withered trees on the right represent impaired fetal development resulting from placental vascular injury.

All Papers

1. From outbreak to breakthrough: Scientific and technological advances in control and cure of HIV/AIDS

hLife | 中科大刘欢团队追溯HIV/AIDS防治科学技术史

通信作者：刘欢

HIV/AIDS自发现以来一直是人类面临的重大健康挑战和全球医学的重要关切，从早期对病原体及其感染致病探索到抗逆转录病毒治疗、疫苗研发以及长效治疗策略的出现，科技进步不断推动着人类对艾滋病毒与艾滋病的认知边界。HIV/AIDS研究在生命健康领域面临怎样的科学挑战？HIV/AIDS防治突破在不同时期发展中呈现何种特征与趋势？本文从科技史视角探究了HIV/AIDS防治史中的重要科学问题与技术突破。

引用：

Xiang Q, Wu Z, Zhang L, et al. From outbreak to breakthrough: Scientific and technological advances in control and cure of HIV/AIDS. hLife 2026; 4: 327–330.

2. Engineering nasally delivered IgM antibodies for respiratory viral infections

通信作者：Ashwin Kumar Ramesh、安志强

Respiratory viral infections remain a significant global health burden, requiring interventions that establish robust defense directly at the portal of entry. Intranasal delivery of engineered IgM antibodies represents a highly potent platform for achieving mucosal protection. In this review, we evaluate the structural and functional rationale for prioritizing engineered IgM antibodies for mucosal immunity, provide preclinical evidence of their efficacy against respiratory viruses, and critically analyze the biomanufacturing and formulation strategies necessary for clinical translation. This review provides a comprehensiveroadmap for developing engineered IgM into a robust,variant-agnostic mucosal defense strategy against emergingand reemerging respiratory threats.

引用：

Ramesh AK, An Z. Engineering nasally delivered IgM antibodies for respiratory viral infections. hLife 2026; 4: 331–351.

3. Placental endothelial ferroptosis induced by neutrophil NETosis leads to intrauterine growth restriction in dengue virus infection

首医基础医学院安静团队揭示登革热感染致胎儿宫内生长受限机制新发现——胎盘内皮细胞铁死亡成关键推手

通信作者：安静

登革热作为一种由登革病毒感染引起的急性传染病，已成为全球重大公共卫生威胁。据估算，全球一半以上的人口面临登革病毒感染的风险，每年感染病例约 3.9 亿人次，其中约 0.96 亿人次需要就医。然而，目前尚无特异性抗病毒药物用于治疗，已上市的登革疫苗适用人群有限，加之其远期安全性不明，存在诸多担忧。近些年来，妊娠期合并登革热致不良妊娠结局已成为临床面临的新挑战，其中胎儿宫内生长受限最为常见，严重影响胎儿短期生存与长期健康。然而，孕妇合并登革热导致 IUGR 的分子机制尚未阐明，成为该领域的研究空白。本研究在该领域取得重要突破，首次揭示中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网形成诱导的胎盘血管内皮细胞铁死亡，是登革病毒感染引发 IUGR 的核心驱动机制，为解释登革热致不良妊娠结局的发生提供了重要依据，并为进一步研发相关防治策略提供了新思路。

引用：

Sheng Z, Cao J, Zhang H, et al. Placental endothelial ferroptosis induced by neutrophil NETosis leads to intrauterine growth restriction in dengue virus infection. hLife 2026; 4: 352–368.

4. hMPV M2-2 protein modulates host mRNA alternative splicing to favor virus replication

hLife | 病毒竟能“改写”宿主RNA？人偏肺病毒M2-2蛋白操控可变剪接促进病毒复制

通信作者：茅缪伟、郑丽舒、张珂

人偏肺病毒（hMPV）是引起儿童、老年人及免疫功能低下人群严重呼吸道感染的主要病原体之一。尽管自2001年被发现以来，hMPV已在全球广泛流行，但目前临床上仍缺乏获批的疫苗或特异性抗病毒药物。hMPV基因组编码9个蛋白，其中M2-2蛋白被认为在调节病毒转录/复制平衡及免疫逃逸中起关键作用。然而，hMPV如何通过操纵宿主细胞机制来建立有利于自身复制的环境，其分子细节仍有待深入发掘。本研究揭示了hMPV M2-2蛋白的一种全新功能机制：通过“劫持”宿主剪接机器来重塑宿主转录组，从而为病毒的大规模增殖创造条件。这一发现不仅扩展了对肺炎病毒科蛋白功能的认知，更重要的是，病毒-剪接体界面的发现为开发新型抗hMPV治疗策略提供了极具潜力的药物靶点。

引用：

Guo J, Huang Y, Jiao P, et al. hMPV M2-2 protein modulates host mRNA alternative splicing to favor virus replication. hLife 2026; 4: 369–388.

5. Etiological and epidemiological investigation of two independent parrot-to-human transmission events of Chlamydia psittaci

hLife | 警惕！心爱的宠物鹦鹉可能会让你“发烧”不止!

通信作者：毕玉海

鹦鹉热衣原体是一种严格的胞内寄生菌，能够感染鹦鹉、鸽子、家禽等500多种鸟类以及家畜。虽然它主要引起鸟类疾病，但也具备跨物种传播给人类的能力，导致“鹦鹉热”。人类感染后通常表现为发热、肌痛、干咳等流感样症状，严重的可发展为肺炎甚至脑膜炎。然而，现在社区获得性肺炎的临床诊疗中，常规检测往往不包含针对鹦鹉热衣原体的筛查，导致其极易被忽视或误诊。本研究对发生在北京的两起独立的宠物鹦鹉致人患肺炎事件进行了详尽的病原学、流行病学及临床病理学调查，揭示了鹦鹉热衣原体从宠物鹦鹉到人的传播链条，强调了在城市环境中加强对该病原监测的重要性。

引用：

Zhang C, Du H, Li Z, et al. Etiological and epidemiological investigation of two independent parrot-to-human transmission events of Chlamydia psittaci. hLife 2026; 4: 389–392.

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