编译 | 谷际岐

责编 | 杨预展

微信原文链接（“生态学文献分享”公众号2月26日推文）：

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/veNhedbAW_da6V_aE1wF-w

写在前面

“英国生态百年纪念1913 – 2013：100篇有影响力的生态学论文”是Peter Grubb和John Whittaker为纪念英国生态学学会（BES）创立一百周年而编纂。这100篇论文回顾了过去生态学极具创造力的成就并展望了未来学科美好前景，与我们推送过的“NEE丨生态学家必读的100篇论文”有很好的互补效果。这不仅让我们理解了英国生态学会的历史，更是激励当代生态学家在全球环境不断变化的情况下、在充满挑战的领域中不断奋进，推动学科向前发展！

1913年，英国生态学会作为世界第一个生态学会-成立时，生态学刚刚开始成为一种生物科学的研究方法，学会的历史在很大程度上相当于生态学的学科历史。如今的生态学已在英国跨越了世纪之交，由几代人不断发展最终走向世界。当我们对书中历史重要进展进行深入探索时，愈发热切地想要了解生态的起源与发展过程，也越来越迫切地希望从生态历史中探寻解决问题的智慧。这促使生态学家从多元学科角度出发对生态学研究进行新的观察与思考。诚然，研究不应总是阐释问题，还应重新理解和认识我们走过的生态历史。因为阐释是从前人的框架理论出发，带着已有观点想问题；而重新理解和认识则是突破现有框架，还原生态的本真。

在查找与阅读文献过程中，深刻认识了我们所热爱的生态科学，越发感觉生态知识之浩渺，生态理论之复杂。于是，笔者将杂志中提到的100篇论文汇编成书，以期给大家带来更多灵感与收获。希望此文有抛砖引玉之效，为读者后续阅读“100篇有影响力的生态学论文”提供一些思考和见解。如有问题，欢迎指正。（100篇论文清单见文末。在“生态学文献分享”公众号后台回复“BES100”，获取本书）

（注：原书中第5、75、84篇论文的标题以及年份有误，笔者与英国生态学会编辑Kate Harrison确认后，在汇编的书中进行了修正。）

主编寄语

在1913年3月出版的第一期Journal of Ecology上，英国生态学学会创始人兼首任主席亚瑟·乔治·坦斯利（Arthur George Tansley）爵士说：“一份高水准、涉及广泛领域的期刊既能记录、又能评论生态学工作，从而促进全世界生态学家的利益。”因此学会创立有两个基本宗旨，一是“全面推动和促进生态学研究”，二是“记录和评论世界生态学研究的进展”。学会一直坚持创建者的愿景，第一批期刊编辑便认识到国际研究的重要性，于是论文涵盖了世界各地最有价值的生态学研究。

图1. 亚瑟·乔治·坦斯利（伦敦国家肖像画廊收藏）。（注：亚瑟·乔治·坦斯利，1871生，“生态系统”概念创始人，著名英国植物学家，生态学先驱。于1902年创办了New Phytologist，于1913年创办英国生态学会以及Journal of Ecology。）

为庆祝英国生态学会百年诞辰，学会想从所属期刊中找出100篇最有影响力的生态学论文，以此来深刻认识我们所热爱的生态科学。论文应该怎么选呢？研究人员选择了引用次数和下载量等多种标准，且高度重视世界各地生态学家的建议。学会邀请113名生态学家每人推荐2篇文章，第1篇选择他们认为一定会出现在名单上的论文，第2篇选出可能不会被大家想到但却非常重要的论文。论文必须涉及所有英国生态学会（BES）期刊已发表的论文，自1913至2013，期刊收录了大约17000篇论文。基于此标准，2008-2013年推荐的论文很少，因此论文从4种历史悠久的期刊中挑选（Functional Ecology，Journal of Animal Ecology，Journal of Ecology，Journal of Applied Ecology），而2009年推出的第5种期刊Methods In Ecology And Evolution没有进入此次评选。在Journal of Ecology中Harper主席演讲获得了8次推荐，Watt论文获得了7次推荐。（注：迄今为止BES共推出八种期刊：另有People and Nature，Ecological Solutions and Evidence，Ecology and Evolution是后期推出，也不在本次统计范围之内）

图2. INTECOL 2013英国生态百年演讲

最终，在学会选择的100篇论文中，引用超过500次(截止2013年3月31日)的有26篇，生态学家提名的论文大多都被收录。论文涵盖领域广泛，经整理后共涉及12个方向：①种群动态，②群落和生态系统动态，③开创性研究，④植物形态、生长、衰退以及对环境的评估，⑤生理生态学，⑥物种间的相互作用，⑦与微生物的相互作用，⑧淡水生态学，⑨进化生态学，⑩统计方法，⑪空间生态学，⑫人类的影响、物种入侵和保护。

在过去几十年里，许多研究人员渴望论文拥有高引用率，导致了一些作者将可能发表在英国生态学会（BES）期刊的论文发表在其他引文指数较高的期刊中。与此同时，许多与生态学相关的杂志也加大了对其期刊的宣传力度。尽管困难重重，BES所属的期刊仍然保持着很高的引用率，而且期刊的文献半衰期很长。相信在未来的几年中，这100篇有影响力生态学论文将被持续访问和引用，继续在生态领域发光发热。

100篇论文清单：

种群动态

1.Elton, C. & Nicholson, M. (1942). The ten year cycle in the number of Lynx in Canada. Journal of Animal Ecology, 11, 215-244.

加拿大猞猁数量的十年周期

2.Varley, G.C. (1947). The natural control of population balance in the knapweed gall-fly (Urophora jaceana). Journalof Animal Ecology, 16, 139-187.

Urophora Jaceana种群平衡的自然控制

3.Birch, L.C. (1948). The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. Journal of Animal Ecology, 17:15-26.

昆虫数量的内禀自然增长率

4.Solomon, M.E. (1949). The natural control of animal populations. Journal of Animal Ecology,18, 1-35.

动物种群的自然控制

5.Varley, G.C. & Gradwell, G.R. (1960). Key factorsin population studies. Journal of Animal Ecology, 29, 399-401

种群研究的关键因素

6.Roland, J. (1994). After the decline-what maintains low winter moth density after successful biological control? Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, 392-398

在物种下降后-在成功的生物防治之后，是什么维持了冬季飞蛾低密度？

7.Perrins, C.M. (1965). Population fluctuations and clutch-size in the great tit, Parus major L. Journal of Animal Ecology, 34, 601-647.

大山雀的种群波动和窝卵大小

8.Murton, R.K., Isaacson, A.J. & Westwood, N.J. (1966). The relationships between wood-pigeons and their clover food supply and the mechanism of population control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 3, 55-96.

木鸽与三叶草食物供应的关系以及种群调控机制

9.Harper, J.L. (1967). A Darwinian approach to plant ecology. Journal of Ecology, 55, 247-270.

一种达尔文式的植物生态学方法

10.Sarukhán, J. & Harper, J.L. (1973). Studies on plant demography: Ranunculus repens L., R. bulbosus L. and R. acris L. I. Population flux and survivorship. Journal of Ecology, 61, 675-716.

植物种群统计研究

11.Silvertown, J., Franco, M., Pisanty, I. & Mendoza, A. (1993). Comparative plant demography – relative importance of life-cycle components to the finite rate of increase in woody and herbaceous perennials. Journal of Ecology, 81, 465-476.

比较植物种群统计学

12.Mohler, C.L., Marks, P.L. & Sprugel, D.G. (1978). Stand structure and allometry of trees during self-thinning of pure stands. Journal of Ecology, 66, 599-614.

树木自疏过程中的林分结构与异速生长

13.Hassell, M.P. & May, R.M. (1973). Stability in insect host-parasite models. Journal of Animal Ecology, 42, 693-726.

昆虫寄主-寄生虫模型的稳定性

14.Anderson, R.M. & May, R.M. (1978). Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interactions. I. Regulatory processes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 47, 219-247.

寄主-寄生虫种群相互作用的调节和稳定性

群落和生态系统动态

15.Watt, A.S. (1947). Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology, 35, 1-22.

植物群落的格局和过程

16.Botkin, D.B., Janak, J.F. & Wallis, J.R. (1972). Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth. Journal of Ecology, 60, 849-872.

森林生长计算模型的一些生态学结果

17.Crocker, R.L. & Major, J. (1955). Soil development in relation to vegetation and surface age at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Journal of Ecology, 43, 427-448.

阿拉斯加冰河湾土壤发育与植被、地表年龄的关系

18.Noy-Meir, I. (1975). Stability of grazing systems: an application of predator prey graphs. Journal of Ecology, 63, 459–481.

放牧系统的稳定性：一个捕食图形的应用

19.Resetarits, W.J. & Chalcraft, D.R. (2007). Functional diversity within a morphologically conservative genus of predators: implications for functional equivalenceand redundancy in ecological communities. Functional Ecology, 21, 793-804.

形态保守捕食者属内功能多样性：对生态群落中功能等价性和冗余性的影响

20.Cole, B. C. (1983). Assembly of mangrove ant communities: patterns of geographical distribution. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 339-347.

红树林蚂蚁群落的集合：地理分布格局

21.Cole, B. C. (1983). Assembly of mangrove antcommunities: colonization abilities. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 349-355.

红树林蚂蚁群落的集合：殖民能力

22.Gross, K.L. (1984). Effect of seed size and growth form on seedling establishment of 6 monocarpic perennial plants. Journal of Ecology, 72, 369-387.

种子大小和生长方式对6种多年生一次结实植物成苗的影响

23.Thompson, K. & Grime, J.P. (1979). Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats. Journal of Ecology, 67, 893–921.

十种不同生境下草本植物种子库的季节变化

24.Thompson, K., Band, S.R. & Hodgson, J.G. (1993). Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology, 7, 236–241.

利用种子大小和形状预测其在土壤中的持久性

25.Grime, J.P. (1998). Benefits of biodiversity effects on ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecology, 86, 902-910.

生物多样性对生态系统影响的益处：直接、过滤和建立者效应

开创性的研究

26.Smith, W.G. (1913). Raunkiaer’s “life-forms” and statistical methods. Journal of Ecology, 1, 16-26.

Raunkiaer的“生活型”和统计方法

27.Oliver, F.W. (1913). Some remarks on Blakeney Point, Norfolk. Journal of Ecology, 1, 4-15.

在诺福克中关于布莱克尼海角一些评论

28.Marsh, A.S. (1915). The maritime ecology of Holme next the Sea, Norfolk. Journal of Ecology, 3, 65-93.

诺福克海边霍尔姆的海洋生态

29.Chapman, V.J. (1938). Studies in salt-marsh ecology. Sections I to III. Journal of Ecology, 26, 144-179.

盐沼生态学研究。第1节至第3节

30.Summerhayes, V.S. & Elton, C.S. (1923). Contributions to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island. Journal of Ecology, 11,214-286.

对斯匹茨卑尔根岛和熊岛生态的贡献

31.Tansley, A.G. & Adamson, R.S. (1925). Studies of the vegetation of the English chalk. III. The chalk grasslands of the Hampshire-Sussex border. Journal of Ecology, 13, 177-223.

英国白垩植被的研究。III.汉普郡-苏塞克斯边界的白垩草原

32.Stephenson, T.A. & Stephenson, A. (1949). The universal features of zonation between tide-marks on rocky coasts. Journal of Ecology, 37, 289-305.

岩基海岸上潮汐之间地带性的普遍特征

33.Poore, M.E.D. & McVean, D.N. (1957). A new approach to Scottish mountain vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 45,401-439.

苏格兰山地植被研究的新方法

34.Webb, L.J. (1959). A physiognomic classification of Australian rain forests. Journal of Ecology, 47,551-570.

澳大利亚热带雨林的地貌分类

35.Hill, M.O. (1973). Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination. Journal of Ecology, 61, 237-249.

对应分析：基于特征向量的排序方法

36.Condit, R., Hubbell, S.P., Lafrankie, J.V., Sukumar, R., Manokaran, N.,Foster, R.B. & Ashton, P.S. (1996). Species-area and species-individual relationships for tropical trees: a comparison of three 50-ha plots. Journal of Ecology, 84, 549-562.

热带树木物种-面积和物种-个体关系：3个50公顷的地块比较

植物形态、生长和衰退以及对环境的评估

37.Anderson, M.C. (1964). Studies of the woodland light climate. I. The photographic computation of light conditions. Journal of Ecology, 52, 27-41.

林地光气候研究。I.光照条件的摄影计算

38.Newman, E.I. (1966). A method of estimating the total length of root in a sample. Journal of Applied Ecology, 3,139-145.

一种估计样本中根总长度的方法

39.Tennant, D.M. (1975). A test of a modified line intersect method for estimating root length. Journal of Ecology, 63, 995-1001.

检验用于估计根长的改进直线相交法

40.Bradshaw, A.D., Chadwick, M.J., Jowett, D. & Snaydon, R.W. (1964). Experimental investigations into the mineral nutrition ofseveral grass species. IV. Nitrogen level. Journal of Ecology, 52,665-676.

几种牧草矿物质营养的实验研究。IV.氮素水平

41.Grime, J.P. & Hunt, R. (1975). Relative growth rate: its range and adaptive significance in a local flora. Journal of Ecology, 63, 393-422.

相对生长率：其在当地植物区系中的范围和适应意义

42.Cornelissen, J.H.C. (1996). An experimental comparison of leaf decomposition rates in a wide range of temperate plant species and types. Journal of Ecology, 84, 573-582.

对分布广泛的温带植物种类和类型中叶片分解速率的实验比较

43.Lavorel, S. & Garnier, E. (2002). Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail. Functional Ecology, 16, 545-556.

从植物特征预测群落组成和生态系统功能变化：重访圣杯

生理生态学

44.Clymo, R.S. (1973). Growth of Sphagnum: some effects of environment. Journal of Ecology, 61, 849-869.

泥炭藓生长：一些环境的影响

45.Monteith, J.L. (1972). Solar radiation and productivity in tropical ecosystems. Journal of Applied Ecology, 9, 747-766.

热带生态系统中的太阳辐射和生产力

46.Hellkvist, J., Richards, G.P. & Jarvis, P.G. (1974). Vertical gradients of water potential and tissue water relations in Sitka spruce trees measured with the pressure chamber. Journal of Applied Ecology, 11, 637-667.

用压力室测量西岸云杉水势和组织关系的垂直梯度

47.Lloyd, J. & Taylor, J.A. (1994). On the temperature dependence of soil respiration. Functional Ecology, 8,315-323.

土壤呼吸对温度的依赖性

48.Körner, C. (1991). Some often overlooked plant characteristics as determinants of plant growth: a reconsideration. Functional Ecology, 5, 162-173.

植物特性作为植物生长的决定因素经常被忽视：重新评估

49.Koerselman, W. & Meuleman, A.F.M. (1996). The vegetation N:P ratio: a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 1441-1450.

植被氮磷比：一种检测营养限制的新工具

50.Wright, I.J., Reich, P.B. & Westoby, M. (2001). Strategy shifts in leaf physiology, structure and nutrient content between species of high- and low-rainfall and high- and low-nutrient habitats. Functional Ecology, 15, 423-434.

在高降雨量和低降雨量以及高营养和低营养生境中物种间叶片生理、结构和养分含量的策略性转变

物种间的相互作用

51.Tansley, A.G. (1917). On competition between Galium saxatile L. (G. hercynicum Weige) and Galium sylvestre Poll. (G.asperumSchreb.) on different types of soil. Journal of Ecology, 5, 173-179.

在不同类型的土壤中Galium saxatile与Galium sylvestre的竞争

52.Salisbury, E.J. (1929). The biological equipment of species in relation to competition. Journal of Ecology, 17,197-222.

与竞争相关的物种生物装备

53.Gause, G.F., Smaragdova, N.P. & Witt, A.A. (1936). Further studies of interaction between predator and prey. Journal of Animal Ecology, 5, 1-18.

进一步研究捕食者和猎物之间的相互作用

54.Mack, R. & Harper, J.L. (1977). Interference in dune annuals: spatial pattern and neighbourhood effects. Journal of Ecology, 65, 345363.

沙丘年际干扰：空间格局和邻域效应

55.Southwood, T.R.E. (1961). The number of insect species associated with various trees. Journal of Animal Ecology,30, 1-8.

与各种树木相关的昆虫物种数量

56.Frankie, G.W., Baker, H.G. & Opler, P.A. (1974). Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wetand dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology, 62,881-919.

在潮湿和干燥的哥斯达黎加中，热带低地森林树木的物候比较研究

57.Paine, R. T. (1980). Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology, 49, 666-685.

食物网：链接、相互作用强度与群落基础结构

58.Atkinson, W.D. and Shorrocks B. (1981). Competitionon a divided and ephemeral resource: A simulation model. Journal of Animal Ecology, 50, 461-471.

对分离和短暂资源的竞争：一个仿真模型

59.Cornell, H.V. & Lawton, J.H. (1992). Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the richness of ecological communities: a theoretical perspective. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 1-12.

物种间的相互作用，局域和区域过程，以及对生态群落丰富度的限制：一个理论视角

与微生物的相互作用

60.Anderson, R. M. (1991). Populations and infectious diseases: ecology or epidemiology? Journal of Animal Ecology,60, 1-50.

种群与传染病：生态学还是流行病学？

61.Hudson, P.J., Dobson, A.P. and Newborn, D. (1992). Do parasites make prey vulnerable to predation? Redgrouse and parasites. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 681-692.

寄生虫会使猎物更容易被捕食吗？红松鸡和寄生虫

62.Turkington, R. & Harper, J.L. (1979). The growth, distribution and neighbour relationships of Trifolium repens in apermanent pasture: IV. Fine-scale biotic differentiation. Journal of Ecology, 67, 245-254.

固定牧场中三叶草的生长、分布和邻近物种关系：IV.小尺度的生物分化

63.Newsham, K.K., Fitter, A.H. & Watkinson, A.D. (1995). Arbuscular mycorrhiza protect an annual grass from pathogenic fungi in the field. Journal of Ecology, 83, 991-1000.

丛枝菌根保护一年生草本植物免受田间病原真菌的侵害

64.Helgason, T., Merryweather, J.W., Dennison, J., Wilson, P., Y oung,J.P.W. & Fitter, A.H. (2002). Selectivity and functional diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizas of co-occurring fungi and plantsfrom a temperate deciduous woodland. Journal of Ecology, 90, 371-384.

温带落叶林地中共生真菌和植物丛枝菌根的选择性和功能多样性

淡水生态学

65.Pearsall, W.H. (1920). The aquatic vegetation of the English lakes. Journal of Ecology, 8, 163-201.

英国湖泊的水生植被

66.Mortimer, C.H. (1941-1942). The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. Parts 1-4. Journal of Ecology, 29, 280-329 & 30,147-201.

湖泊中泥水之间溶解物的交换。第1部分至第4部分

67.Lund, J.W.G. (1949-1950). Studies on Asterionella: Parts I & II. Journal of Ecology, 37, 389-419 &38, 1-14.

硅藻属研究：第1部分和第2部分

68.Hynes, H.B.N. (1950). The food of freshwater sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius), witha review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 19, 36-58.

对淡水棘鱼的食物研究，以及对鱼类食物研究方法的综述

69.Le Cren, E.D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20, 201-219.

基于鲈鱼性腺重量和状况的体长-体重关系和季节循环

70.Elliott, J.M. (1976). Energetics of feeding,metabolism and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in relation to body weight, water temperature and ration size. Journal of Animal Ecology,45, 923-948.

褐鳟摄食、代谢和生长的能量学与体重、水温和饲料大小的关系

71.Lampert, W. (1989). The adaptive significance of diel vertical migration of zooplankton. Functional Ecology, 3, 21-27.

浮游动物垂直洄游的适应性意义 

演化生态学

72.Southwood, T. R. E. (1977). Habitat, the templet for ecological strategies? Journal of Animal Ecology, 46,337-365.

栖息地，生态策略模板？

73.Stearns, S.C. (1989). Trade-offs in life-history evolution. Functional Ecology, 3, 259–268.

生活史在进化中的权衡

74.Davies, N.B. & Brooke, M. de L. (1989). An experimental study of co-evolution between the cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, and its hosts II. Host egg markings, chick discrimination and general discussion. Journalof Animal Ecology, 58, 225-236.

杜鹃与寄主共同进化的实验研究Ⅱ.寄主卵标记、雏鸟辨别及综合讨论

75.Ghalambor, C.K., McKay, J.K., Carroll S.P. & Reznick, D.N. (2007). Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments. Functional Ecology, 21, 394-407.

适应性与非适应性的表型可塑性以及在新环境中的同代适应潜力

统计方法

76.Stephens, P.A., Buskirk, S.W., Hayward, G.D. and Martinez del Rio, C.(2005). Information theory and hypothes is testing: a call for pluralism. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42, 4-12.

信息理论和假设检验：对多元主义的呼唤

空间生态学

77.Arrhenius, O. (1921). Species and area. Journal of Ecology, 9, 95-99.

物种-面积

78.Fisher, R.A., Corbet, A.S. & Williams, C.B. (1943). The relation between the number of species and the numberof individuals in a random sample of an animal population. Journal of Animal Ecology, 12, 42-58.

动物种群的随机样本中物种数量和个体数量之间的关系

79.Elton, C. (1949). Population interspersion: an essay on animal community patterns. Journal of Ecology, 37, 1-23.

种群散布：一篇关于动物群落格局的论文

80.Lloyd, M. (1967). Mean Crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology, 36, 1-30.

平均拥挤度

81.Taylor, L.R., Woiwod, I.P. & Perry, J.N. (1978). The density-dependence of spatial behaviour and the rarity of randomness. Journal of Animal Ecology, 47, 383-406.

空间行为的密度依赖性和随机的稀有性

82.Wiens, J.A. (1989). Spatial scalingin ecology. Functional Ecology, 3, 385-397.

生态学的空间尺度

83.Hanski, I. (1994). A practical modelof metapopulation dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, 151-162.

集合种群动态的实用模型

84.Gaston, K.J., Blackburn, T.M. & Lawton, J.H. (1997). Interspecific abundance range size relationships: An appraisal of mechanisms. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, 579-601.

物种间丰富度范围大小的关系：机制的评估

人类的影响、物种入侵和保护

85.Committee appointed by Council on 26 May 1942 (1944). Nature conservation and nature reserves. Journal of Ecology, 32, 45-82; Journal of Animal Ecology, 13, 1-25.

自然保护与自然保护区

86.Foster, D.R. (1992). Land use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New-England USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 753-772.

美国新英格兰中部土地利用历史(1730-1990)与植被动态

87.Turner, I.M. (1996). Species loss in fragments of tropical rain forest: a review of the evidence. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 200-209.

热带雨林碎片化的物种损失：证据综述

88.Baker, H.G. (1948). Stages in invasion and replacement demonstrated by species of Melandrium. Journal of Ecology,36, 96-119.

女娄菜属植物物种入侵和更替阶段的论证

89.Blossey, B. & Notzold, R. (1995). Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants: a hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 83, 887-889.

外来入侵植物竞争能力增强的进化过程：一个假说

90.Davis, M.A., Grime, J.P. & Thompson, K. (2000). Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. Journal of Ecology, 88, 528-534.

植物群落中的资源波动：入侵的一般理论

91.Bradshaw, A.D. (1983). The reconstruction of ecosystems: Presidential Address to the British Ecological Society, December1982. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 1-17.

生态系统的重建：1982年12月英国生态学会的主席致辞

92.Bobbink, R., Roelofs, J.G.M. & Hornung, M. (1998). The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 86, 717-738.

空气中氮污染物对自然和半自然欧洲植被物种多样性的影响

93.Ratcliffe, D.A. (1970). Changes attributable to pesticides in egg breakage frequency and eggshell thickness in some British birds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 67-115.

在一些英国鸟类中，鸡蛋破碎频率和蛋壳厚度的变化归因于杀虫剂的使用

94.Green R.E., Newton I., Schultz S., Cunningham A. A., Gilbert M., Pain D.J. & Prakash V. (2004). Diclofenac poisoning as a cause of vulture population declines across the Indian subcontinent. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 793–800.

双氯芬酸中毒是导致印度次大陆秃鹫数量下降的原因之一

95. Chamberlain, D.E., Fuller, R.J., Bunce, R.G.H., Duckworth, J.C. &Shrubb, M.(2000). Changes in the abundance of farmland birds in relation to the timing of agricultural intensification in England and Wales. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 771-788.

英格兰和威尔士农田鸟类丰度的变化与农业集约化时间的关系

96.Kleijn, D. & Sutherland, W.J. (2003). How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity? Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 947-969.

在保护和促进生物多样性方面欧洲农业环境计划的效果如何？

97.Carvell, C., Meek, W. R., Pywell, R. F., Goulson, D. & Nowakowski,M. (2007). Comparing the efficacy of agri-environment schemes to enhance bumble bee abundance and diversity on arable field margins. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44, 29-40.

在耕地边缘中比较农业环境方案对于提高大黄蜂丰度和多样性的有效性

98.Ticktin, T. (2004). The ecological implications of harvesting non-timber forest products. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 11-21.

采伐非木材林产品的生态影响

99.Caughley, G. (1994). Directions in conservation biology. Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, 215-244.

保护生物学的方向

100.Sutherland, W.J. and 38 others (2006). The identification of 100 ecological questions of high policy relevance in the UK. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 617-627.

英国100个与政策高度相关的生态问题 

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编译简介：

谷际岐，中国农业大学生态学研究生，主要研究方向：苔藓生态学，理论生态学。

邮箱：gujiqi1998@163.com。

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