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专家视点 | 许秀来研究员:量子点与光学微纳结构的耦合

已有 1815 次阅读 2020-6-29 16:58 |系统分类:论文交流


量子点与光学微纳结构的耦合



半导体量子点是一个三维受限的体系,具有分立能级,可作为“人工原子”。近年来受益于先进的半导体加工工艺,半导体量子点可以与多种光学微纳结构集成,既可用于研究固态腔量子电动力学,而且它们在量子信息处理、集成量子光学网络等方面也具有广泛的应用前景。


近日,中国科学院物理研究所光物理重点实验室许秀来研究员团队在《Journal of Semiconductors》上撰写news and views文章《Coupling between quantum dots and photonic nanostructures》,简要介绍了最近关于半导体量子点与光学微纳结构尤其是光子晶体微纳结构的耦合方面的研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展前景与挑战。


半导体量子点与光学微纳结构的耦合可以用于研究光子与量子能级的相互作用。目前,该领域已经取得了很多重要进展,但距离实现在固态光量子信息处理、集成量子光学网络等这些前沿领域的实际应用仍有很长的路要走,同时也面临着很多挑战,比如光子与物质相互作用的优化、拓扑量子界面及大规模的片上集成等。

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Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are usually recognized as “artificial atoms” that have discrete states due to the quantum confinement of electrons and holes in three dimensions. Several methods have been developed for growing QDs, in which the self-assembled QDs grew by Stranski-Krastanov method possess superior optical properties, including high radiative efficiency and high purity of single photon emission. Benefiting directly from the advanced semiconductor growth and processing technologies, the QDs are able to be integrated with a wealth of photonic nanostructures, which can be implemented in the research field of solid-state quantum electrodynamics.


On one hand, the coupling between QDs and photonic nanostructures can modify the properties of QDs, such as spontaneous emission rate. On the other hand, the strong coupling will entangle the light-matter degrees of freedom leading to the formation of polariton. Both have widespread and far-ranging applications in the development of cutting-edge quantum technologies, including photonic quantum information processing, quantum key distribution and integrated quantum optical circuits. In the past decades, numerous works have investigated the coupling of QDs to various photonic nanostructures[1], especially the coupling to photonic crystal cavity and waveguide which brings this platform one step closer toward realization of spin-photon quantum interface and on-chip integrated quantum photonics, as shown in Fig. 1.



Figure 1.  (Color online) Schematic of on-chip integrated quantum photonic circuitry. The red points indicate the QDs in photonic crystal structures.


The interactions between QDs and photonic crystal cavities have been thoroughly investigated, which can be divided into weak and strong coupling regimes. In the weak coupling regime, where the coupling strength g is smaller than the decay rate of the system κ, the spontaneous rate of QDs can be greatly enhanced according to Purcell effect. It has been proposed and demonstrated for the realization of high-efficient single photon source[2] and ultrafast qubit gates[3]. In the strong coupling regime, where g is larger than κ, a cavity polariton will be formed. Combined with the spin degree of freedom of QDs, the system will generate the entangled spin-photon pair, in which it is possible to transfer quantum information from a spin qubit to a flying photonic qubit or vice versa. Therefore, the strongly coupled system can be served as an elementary block of quantum network. In the system, single photon is generally involved in the Rabi oscillation process. In 2018, Qian et al. demonstrated two-photon Rabi splitting for the first time in the cavity-QD system, which takes advantage of biexciton of QDs[4]. It has pushed the strong coupling regime from single-photon process to two-photon process, providing an approach to multi-qubit operation. Additionally, they have demonstrated the enhancement of the interaction between cavity and p-shell exciton beyond the dipole approximation[5], which can become more promising with further nanocavity design and optimization for non-local interactions[6]. Due to the various multiexcitonic states in QDs, which can be controlled precisely, the cavity-QD system is a good platform to investigate the quantum electrodynamics and has great potential in the development of quantum information processing.


The coupling to photonic crystal waveguide also plays a central role in the development of quantum network. The waveguide, served as quantum channels, can transfer quantum information between distant quantum nodes. Furthermore, the strong confinement in the waveguides can lock the polarization of photon to its propagation direction, leading to a chiral light-matter interaction. This phenomenon enables the realization of deterministic spin-photon interface and the development of the non-reciprocal single-photon devices. The research field of chiral quantum optics has been reviewed by Lodahl et al., including the fundamental processes, the experimental state-of-the-art, innovative applications and research directions[7]. Additionally, topological photonics, which is extremely active these days, provides a new paradigm in the development of photonic devices with robustness against disorder. Specially, integrating quantum emitters with topological photonic structures could enable robust, strong interactions. In 2018, Barik et al. reported a topological quantum optics interface between single QD and topological photonic structure that has robust counterpropagating edge states, in which the chiral emission and their robustness against sharp bends were demonstrated[8]. In 2020, Xie et al. demonstrated the weak coupling between single QD and second-order topological corner state in photonic crystal structures for the first time, enabling the application of topology into cavity quantum electrodynamics[9].


The coupling between QDs and photonic crystal structures has been intensively investigated in the past decades, and considerable progress has been achieved. However, it still has a long way to go before the realization of these cutting-edge quantum technologies and many challenges still remain and need to be further addressed:


(1) Optimization of photon-matter interface. For example, further increasing coupling strength may lead to novel phenomena and applications, and the quantum functionalities including single photon source, quantum circuits and photon detection need to be further optimized and researched. Meanwhile, the coupling to photonic structures with new properties still need to be investigated, which may enable new physics and applications, like topological quantum interface.


(2) Large-scale integration on a single photonic chip. It is a great challenge for the future to address how these quantum functionalities can be integrated and controlled effectively and efficiently.



许秀来

中国科学院物理研究所研究员,课题组长。


1996毕业于吉林大学电子工程系,1999年在中国科学院长春光学机密机械与物理研究所获得硕士学位,2005年于剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室获得博士学位;2005-2011年在日立剑桥实验室先后担任博士后研究员、终身研究员和高级研究员,2009-2011年兼任剑桥大学Clare Hall学院的Research Fellow,2011年加入中科院物理所。英国物理学会会士 (Fellow of Institute of Physics),主要研究领域为半导体量子体系光电子学。


点击阅读许秀来研究员文章:

Coupling between quantum dots and photonic nanostructures

Xin Xie, Shushu Shi, Xiulai Xu

J. Semicond.  2020, 41(6): 060401

doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/6/060401

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《半导体学报》简介:

《半导体学报》是中国科学院主管、中国电子学会和中国科学院半导体研究所主办的学术刊物,1980年创刊,首任主编是王守武院士,黄昆先生撰写了创刊号首篇论文,2009年改为全英文月刊Journal of Semiconductors(简称JOS),同年开始与IOPP英国物理学会出版社合作向全球发行。现任主编是中科院副院长、国科大校长李树深院士。

2016年,JOS被ESCI收录。

2019年,JOS入选“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”。


“中国半导体十大研究进展”推荐与评选工作简介:

《半导体学报》在创刊四十年之际,启动实施 “中国半导体年度十大研究进展”的推荐和评选工作,记录我国半导体科学与技术研究领域的标志性成果。以我国科研院所、高校和企业等机构为第一署名单位,本年度公开发表的半导体领域研究成果均可参与评选。请推荐人或自荐人将研究成果的PDF文件发送至《半导体学报》电子邮箱:jos@semi.ac.cn,并附简要推荐理由。被推荐人须提供500字左右工作简介,阐述研究成果的学术价值和应用前景。年度十大研究进展将由评审专家委员会从候选推荐成果中投票产生,并于下一年度春节前公布。


JOSarXiv预发布平台简介:

半导体科技发展迅猛,科技论文产出数量逐年增加。JOSarXiv致力于为国内外半导体领域科研人员提供中英文科技论文免费发布和获取的平台,保障优秀科研成果首发权的认定,促进更大范围的学术交流。JOSarXiv由《半导体学报》主编李树深院士倡导建立,编辑部负责运行和管理,是国内外第一个专属半导体科技领域的论文预发布平台,提供预印本论文存缴、检索、发布和交流共享服务。

JOSarXiv于2020年1月1日正式上线(http://arxiv.jos.ac.cn/),通过《半导体学报》官网(http://www.jos.ac.cn/)亦可访问。敬请关注和投稿!





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