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A common belief in Chinese teachers is that most students would not develop well unless their shortcomings are uncovered frequently. Consequently, students receive more critiques than praise from their teachers. The psychological consequence of such social experience is that teachers such as advisors for each class in elementary, middle, and high schools, who frequently criticize students and remind them of their shortcomings, constitute a threat to students’ self-esteem and students care very much about how their advisors think about them. Similarly, graduate students in universities care very much about their advisors' attitudes towards the self. However, not any positive/respected person constitutes a social threat to students' self-esteem. A faculty member is treated as a positive/respected person but does not constitute a social threat to subjects' self-esteem because a faculty member does not frequently criticize or give negative comments on students' behaviors or work. Graduate students care less about other faculty members' attitudes towards the
self.
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