背景回顾：Heat stress is a major factor limiting the production and geographic distribution of rice (Oryza sativa), and breeding rice varieties with tolerance to heat stress is of immense importance. 

提出问题：Although extensive studies have revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in rice acclimation to heat stress, the molecular basis of rice controlling ROS homeostasis remains largely unclear. 

主要发现：In this study, we discovered a novel heat stress-responsive strategy that orchestrates ROS homeostasis centering on an immune activator, rice ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (OsEDS1). OsEDS1, which confers heat stress tolerance, promotes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging by stimulating catalase activity through the OsEDS1-catalase association.

结果1-EDS1突变和过表达表型：The loss-of-function mutation in OsEDS1 causes increased sensitivity to heat stress, whereas overexpression of OsEDS1 enhances thermotolerance. 

结果2-EDS1-水稻产量：Furthermore, overexpression lines greatly improved rice tolerance to heat stress during the reproductive stage, which was associated with substantially increased seed setting, grain weight, and plant yield. 

结果3-EDS1-CATC-ROS清除：Rice CATALASE C (OsCATC), whose activity is promoted by OsEDS1, degrades H2O2 to activate rice heat stress tolerance. 

结论：Our findings greatly expand our understanding of heat stress responses in rice. We reveal a molecular framework that promotes heat tolerance through ROS homeostasis regulation, suggesting a theoretical basis and providing genetic resources for breeding heat-tolerant rice varieties.

热胁迫是限制水稻产量和地理分布的一种主要因素，因此培育水稻耐高温新品种是一项非常重要的育种工作。尽管已经有很多研究报道了活性氧在水稻适应高温胁迫中的关键作用，但是水稻中控制ROS内稳态的分子基础仍不清楚。本文中，作者发现了一个新的响应热胁迫的策略，即通过一个免疫激活子OsEDS1调控ROS内稳态。OsEDS1通过刺激过氧化氢酶活性，促进过氧化氢的清除，从而增强水稻的热胁迫抗性。OsEDS1的功能缺失突变会导致水稻对热胁迫的敏感性增加，而过表达OsEDS1基因则会增强水稻的热耐受性。此外，过表达株系还会极大增加水稻在生殖阶段对于热胁迫的耐受性，从而极大的提升了种子结籽、籽粒重量以及产量。水稻过氧化氢酶OsCATC的活性会受到OsEDS1的激活，能够降解过氧化氢以提升水稻的热胁迫抗性。本文的研究结果拓宽了我们对于水稻热胁迫响应的认识。作者揭示了一个通过ROS内稳态调控促进水稻热耐受性的分子框架，为将来抗高温水稻新品种的育种提供了理论基础和遗传资源。

** 柯应根 **