背景回顾：Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an important vegetable crop worldwide. 

提出问题：Cultivated lettuce is believed to be domesticated from L. serriola; however, its origins and domestication history remain to be elucidated. 

主要研究：Here, we sequenced a total of 445 Lactuca accessions, including major lettuce crop types and wild relative species, and generated a comprehensive map of lettuce genome variations. 

结果1：In-depth analyses of population structure and demography revealed that lettuce was first domesticated near the Caucasus, which was marked by loss of seed shattering. 

结果2：We also identified the genetic architecture of other domestication traits and wild introgressions in major resistance clusters in the lettuce genome. 

结论：This study provides valuable genomic resources for crop breeding and sheds light on the domestication history of cultivated lettuce.

 摘 要 

生菜是一种全球范围都较为重要的蔬菜作物。栽培种生菜被认为是驯化于野莴苣（L. serriola）；但是，其起源和驯化历史仍然还不清楚。本文中，作者对445份生菜属的种质材料进行了全基因组重测序分析，包括主要的生菜作物类型和野生近缘种，最终获得了较完整的生菜基因组变异图谱。对于群体结构和有效群体大小的深入分析，作者发现生菜最早在高加索地区被驯化，其特点是种子落粒性丢失。另外，作者还鉴定了生菜其它驯化特征的遗传结构以及生菜基因组上主要抗性基因簇种来自野生种的基因渐渗。本文的研究为作物育种提供了珍贵的基因组资源，同时也为栽培种生菜的驯化历史提供了新的视野。