The Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants

First author: Joanna Polko; Affiliations: University of North Carolina (北卡罗来纳大学): Chapel Hill, USA

Corresponding author: Joseph J. Kieber

Cell walls define the shape of plant cells, controlling the extent and orientation of cell elongation, and hence organ growth. The main load-bearing (承重) component of plant cell walls is cellulose, and how plants regulate its biosynthesis during development and in response to various environmental perturbations (扰动) is a central question in plant biology. It is synthesized by cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) that are assembled in the Golgi apparatus (高尔基体) and then delivered to the plasma membrane (PM) where they then actively synthesis cellulose. CSCs travel along cortical microtubule (皮质微管) paths that define the orientation of synthesis of the cellulose microfibrils (微纤丝). CSCs recycle between the PM and various intracellular compartments, and this trafficking plays an important role in determining the level of cellulose synthesized. In this review, we summarize recent findings in CESA complex organization, CESA posttranslational modifications and trafficking, and other components that interact with CESAs. We also discuss cell wall integrity maintenance, with a focus on how this impacts cellulose biosynthesis.

细胞壁决定了植物细胞的形状，控制着细胞伸长的程度和方向，进而控制着植物器官的生长。植物细胞壁主要的承重组份是纤维素，植物在发育过程中是如何调控纤维素的生物合成以及响应不同的环境变化是植物生物学中的一个核心问题。首先，由在高尔基体上组装形成纤维素合酶CESA复合物CSCs，然后将其运送到质膜激活并合成纤维素。CSCs沿着皮质微管运动，进而决定了纤维素微纤丝的合成方向。CSCs在质膜和多个细胞内室之间循环利用，这种交流在纤维素合成水平的决定中发挥着重要的作用。本文综述了最近有关CESA复合体组织、CESA翻译后修饰以及转运方面的研究，并且总结了已鉴定的能够与CESA发生互作的蛋白。作者还讨论了细胞壁完整性的维持，着重探讨了其对于纤维素生物合成的影响。

通讯：Joseph J. Kieber (https://bio.unc.edu/people/faculty/kieber/)

个人简介：1980-1984，康奈尔大学，学士；1984-1990年，麻省理工学院，博士。

研究方向：细胞分裂素的信号转导；乙烯生物合成的调控机制；细胞伸长的调控机制。实验室网址：https://kieber.weebly.com。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.18.00760

Journal: Plant Cell

Published date: January 15, 2019