关于“整合（integration）” - StackExchange的讨论

“整合”是一个十分重要的概念，涉及如何调和矛盾。我在StackExchange看到一条相关讨论：

1. What is integration in philosophy? (https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/30616/what-is-integration-in-philosophy)

I am studying mathematical logic, though some of it crosses over into (or is perhaps part of?) what I think is called traditional logic, formally, which seems to be basically philosophical logic, that used by aristotle and the likes.

我正在研究数理逻辑，尽管其中一些涉及（或者可能是其中的一部分？）我认为所谓的传统逻辑，形式上似乎基本上是亚里士多德等人使用的哲学逻辑。

Anyway, I am reading up on tradional logic, specifically about the nature of contradiction. The ending of this passage on importanceofphilosophy.com however, eludes me:

总之，我正在阅读传统逻辑，特别是关于矛盾的本质。 然而，importanceofphilosophy.com 上这段话的结尾却让我困惑：

If the content of your knowledge contains contradictions, then some of your knowledge is in error. Because in order to be successful in reality one must know reality, success requires correct knowledge. It is therefore important to continually search for and root out contradictions in your knowledge in order to make sure that your knowledge corresponds to reality. The two primary methods for doing this are logic, the art of non-contradictory identification, and integration.

如果你的知识内容包含矛盾，那么你的某些知识就是错误的。 因为要想在现实中取得成功，就必须了解现实，成功需要正确的知识。 因此，不断地寻找并根除你的知识中的矛盾以确保你的知识符合现实是很重要的。 做到这一点有两种主要方法，逻辑（无矛盾一致性的艺术）和整合。

Okay then, so I don't know logic, but I know of it and am studying it. However, I have no idea what integration is in a philosophical sense. I doubt it's the same as integration in maths.

好吧，我不懂逻辑，但我知道它并且正在研究它。 然而，我不知道哲学意义上的整合是什么，我怀疑这与数学中的积分相同。

Part of the reason I am asking this is because I can't seem to find any information on this term, when searching for 'philosophical integration', or 'logical integration', nothing of relevance seems to be returned. Also, the sheer importance of this seems to be colossal, as it's paired up with logic itself. So it seems like a worthy endeavour to find out what integration is. Though, it kinda seems strange that it's somehow separate from logic, but anyway, perhaps you could shine some light.

我问这个问题的部分原因是因为我似乎找不到有关这个术语的任何信息，当搜索“哲学整合”或“逻辑整合”时，似乎没有返回任何相关内容。 而且，这一点的重要性似乎是巨大的，因为它与逻辑本身相结合。 因此，找出什么是整合似乎是一项值得努力的事情。 虽然，它在某种程度上与逻辑分离，这似乎有点奇怪，但无论如何，也许你可以给出一些解释。

2. http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics_Contradiction.html

Contradiction

A contradiction arises when two ideas each make the other impossible. Contradictions don't exist in reality because reality simply is as it is and does not contradict itself. Only our evaluations of reality can contradict each other. If you think you have found a contradiction, then check your premises. Either you're mistaken about it being a contradiction or one of the contradicting concepts has been improperly formed.

当两个想法都使彼此不可能时，就会出现矛盾。现实中并不存在矛盾，因为现实就是如此，并不矛盾。只有我们对现实的评价才会相互矛盾。如果您认为发现了矛盾，请检查您的前提。要么你误认为它是一个矛盾，要么是其中一个矛盾概念的形成不正确。

If the content of your knowledge contains contradictions, then some of your knowledge is in error. Because in order to be successful in reality one must know reality, success requires correct knowledge. It is therefore important to continually search for and root out contradictions in your knowledge in order to make sure that your knowledge corresponds to reality. The two primary methods for doing this are logic, the art of non-contradictory identification, and integration.

如果你的知识内容包含矛盾，那么你的某些知识就是错误的。 因为要想在现实中取得成功，就必须了解现实，成功需要正确的知识。 因此，不断地寻找并根除你的知识中的矛盾以确保你的知识符合现实是很重要的。 做到这一点的两种主要方法是逻辑、非矛盾识别的艺术和整合。