科学家发现了一种防止皱纹和头发变白的新方法

诸平

据美国内分泌学会（The Endocrine Society）2025年2月25日提供的消息,抗衰老的突破：科学家发现了一种防止皱纹和头发变白的新方法(Anti-Aging Breakthrough: Scientists Found a New Way to Stop Wrinkles and Graying Hair)。

Hormones influence skin aging far more than previously thought, impacting wrinkles, pigment loss, and overall skin health. Researchers have identified key players, including melatonin and insulin-like growth factor 1, that could revolutionize anti-aging tr

科学家们正在揭示激素( hormones)在皮肤衰老中发挥的强大作用，揭示了治疗皱纹、头发变白和整体皮肤健康的新方法。(Scientists are uncovering the powerful role hormones play in skin aging, revealing new potential treatments for wrinkles, hair graying, and overall skin health.)

虽然传统的抗衰老激素，如类维生素A(retinoids)和雌激素(estrogen)已被广泛使用，但新的研究强调，影响皮肤结构、色素和弹性的激素范围更广。

激素和抗衰老潜力(Hormones and Anti-Aging Potential)

根据2025年2月25日发表在内分泌学会(The Endocrine Society)期刊《内分泌评论》(Endocrine Reviews)上的一项新研究，激素可能在预防和治疗皱纹和头发变白等可见的衰老迹象方面发挥关键作用。原文详见：Markus Böhm, Agatha Stegemann, Ralf Paus, Konrad Kleszczyński, Pallab Maity, Meinhard Wlaschek, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek. Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging. Endocrine Reviews, 2025 Feb 25: bnae034. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae034. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae034

参与此项研究的有来自德国明斯特大学(Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany)、美国迈阿密大学米勒医学院(Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA)、英国曼彻斯特大学(Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK)、德国CUTANEON-皮肤和头发创新公司(CUTANEON – Skin & Hair Innovations GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; CUTANEON – Skin & Hair Innovations GmbH, Berlin, Germany)、德国乌尔姆大学(Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany)的研究人员。

到目前为止，只有少数激素被广泛用于抗衰老护肤，主要是外用类维生素A，如视黄醇(retinol)和维生素A酸(tretinoin)，以及雌激素(estrogen)，后者主要用于治疗与更年期相关的症状。这项新研究探索了更广泛的具有潜在抗衰老作用的激素。

皮肤老化的关键激素(Key Hormones in Skin Aging)

德国明斯特大学的医学博士、也是上述论文的第一作者马库斯·博姆(Markus Böhm)说：“我们的论文强调了协调皮肤衰老途径的关键激素，如结缔组织的降解（导致皱纹），干细胞存活和色素的损失（导致头发变白）。我们研究的一些激素具有抗衰老特性，将来可能用作防止皮肤老化的药物。”

皮肤作为人体最大的器官，既会经历自然衰老（内在衰老），也会经历日晒等外界因素引起的衰老（外在衰老）。马库斯·博姆说：“皮肤不仅是控制皮肤衰老途径的各种激素的目标，而且它本身肯定是除了经典内分泌腺(classical endocrine glands)之外最大和最丰富的激素生产场所。

探索荷尔蒙对衰老的影响(Exploring Hormonal Influences on Aging)

为了更好地了解激素和皮肤衰老之间的联系，研究人员研究了控制皮肤衰老的关键激素，包括胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1)、生长激素(growth hormone)、雌激素(estrogens)、类维生素A(retinoids)和褪黑素(melatonin)。褪黑素作为一种潜在的抗皮肤衰老物质尤其有趣，因为它是一种小分子，价格低廉，耐受性好，是一种直接和间接的抗氧化剂，也是线粒体代谢的调节剂。此外，一些被研究的激素对皮肤功能和头发老化具有惊人的和意想不到的生物学作用，突出表现为不同的遗传缺陷综合征(genetic deficiency syndromes)。

皮肤年轻化的意外玩家(Unexpected Players in Skin Rejuvenation)

他们还回顾了其他内分泌参与者的新作用，包括负责皮肤色素沉着的α-黑色素细胞刺激激素(α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone)、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis)成员、催产素(oxytocin)、在CBD产品中发现的内源性大麻素(endocannabinoids)和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体调节剂(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators)，并发现它们具有非常有希望的作用，例如对紫外线诱导的基因毒性应激至关重要，涉及皮肤和头发的光老化和色素合成的发展。

激素抗衰老疗法的未来展望（Future Prospects in Hormonal Anti-Aging Therapies）

马库斯·博姆说：“对这些激素的进一步研究可能为开发治疗和预防皮肤衰老的新疗法提供机会。”

本研究的得到了德国研究基金会(BO 1075/12-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; KL 2900/3-1/DFG; Graduate Training Group GRK 1789)、美国迈阿密大学伦纳德·米勒医学院(University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine)、德国乌尔姆分子医学国际研究生院( International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Frost Scholarship)以及乌尔姆大学医学院(Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Ulm, CRC1506/Collaborative Research Centre; 251293561/CRC1149)的资助。

上述介绍仅供参考，欲了解更多信息敬请注意浏览原文和相关报道。

Abstract

Skin is the largest organ of the human body and undergoes both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic aging. While intrinsic skin aging is driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, extrinsic aging is mediated by external threats such as UV irradiation or fine particular matters, the sum of which is referred to as exposome. The clinical manifestations and biochemical changes are different between intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging, albeit overlapping features exist, eg, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, extracellular matrix degradation, telomere shortening, increased lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. As skin is a prominent target for many hormones, the molecular and biochemical processes underlying intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging are under tight control of classical neuroendocrine axes. However, skin is also an endocrine organ itself, including the hair follicle, a fully functional neuroendocrine "miniorgan." Here we review pivotal hormones controlling human skin aging focusing on IGF-1, a key fibroblast-derived orchestrator of skin aging, of GH, estrogens, retinoids, and melatonin. The emerging roles of additional endocrine players, ie, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a central player of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; oxytocin, endocannabinoids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, are also reviewed. Until now, only a limited number of these hormones, mainly topical retinoids and estrogens, have found their way into clinical practice as anti-skin aging compounds. Further research into the biological properties of endocrine players or its derivatives may offer the development of novel senotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of skin aging.