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流行的ω脂肪酸补充剂实际上可以预防癌症 精选

已有 5391 次阅读 2024-11-9 19:56 |个人分类:药物动态|系统分类:科普集锦

流行的ω脂肪酸补充剂实际上可以预防癌症

诸平

Omega-3-Fish-Oil-Supplement.jpg

Fig. 1 New research from the University of Georgia suggests that omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may reduce the risk of various cancers, particularly in the digestive tract, brain, and skin. The study, which analyzed data from over 250,000 participants, found lower cancer rates in those with high levels of these fatty acids, though higher omega-3 intake might slightly increase prostate cancer risk.

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Fig. 2 A diet rich in healthy fats may protect against cancer, according to new research from the University of Georgia. (Getty Images)

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Fig. 3 Yuchen Zhang

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Fig. 4 Kaixiong Ye

之前介绍过“补充ω- 3脂肪酸:不会降低心血管疾病风险”,科学网也有“助力肠道健康——Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸的抗炎功效”的报道,晁红娟等人对于“Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸性质,功能及主要应用”有专门论述。今天再来介绍美国佐治亚大学(University of Georgia简称UGA, Athens, Georgia, USA)2024117日提供的消息,根据科学家的说法,这种流行的补充剂实际上可以预防癌症(According to Scientists, This Popular Supplement Can Actually Protect Against Cancer)

鱼油补充剂可能有助于降低患癌症的总体风险。乔治亚大学的一项新研究表明,除了降低胆固醇、保持大脑健康和改善精神健康外,ω-3ω-6脂肪酸还有助于预防各种癌症。这项研究基于超过25万人的数据,发现较高水平的ω-3ω-6脂肪酸与较低的患癌症风险有关。

相关研究结果于20241017日已经在《国际癌症杂志》(International Journal of Cancer)网站发表——Yuchen Zhang, Yitang Sun, Suhang Song, Nikhil K. Khankari, J. Thomas Brenna, Ye Shen, Kaixiong Ye. Associations of plasma omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids with overall and 19 site-specific cancers: A population-based cohort study in UK Biobank. International Journal of Cancer, 17 October 2024. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35226. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35226

参与此项研究的除了来自美国佐治亚大学公共卫生学院(College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA)、美国佐治亚大学富兰克林文理学院(Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA)的研究人员之外,还有来自美国田纳西州纳什维尔的范德比尔特大学医学中心(Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA)、美国康奈尔大学(Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA)、美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校戴尔医学院(Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA)以及美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校自然科学学院(College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA)的研究人员。

该研究的主要作者、佐治亚大学公共卫生学院(UGA’s College of Public Health)的博士生张宇晨(Yuchen Zhang音译)说:“较高的ω-3ω-6脂肪酸水平与较低的癌症发病率有关。这些发现表明,普通人应该关注从饮食中获取更多的这些脂肪酸。”

ω-3含量较高的参与者患结肠癌、胃癌和肺癌的几率较低,其他消化道癌症的发病率也较低。高水平的ω-6可以降低14种不同癌症的发病率,包括脑癌、恶性黑色素瘤(malignant melanoma)、膀胱癌(bladder)等。

健康的脂肪可以降低19种癌症的发病率(Healthy fats reduce the risk of developing 19 types of cancer

这项研究的数据来自英国的一项研究,该研究对25万多人进行了10多年的跟踪调查。在这些参与者中,近3万人在研究期间患上了某种形式的癌症。

一些早期的研究发现了脂肪酸水平与患癌症的风险之间的联系。然而,没有研究能够最终确定ω-3ω-6脂肪酸是否能降低癌症发病率或增加癌症诊断后存活的可能性。重要的是,高水平脂肪酸的好处并不依赖于其他风险因素,如体重指数、饮酒或体育活动。

鱼油补充剂具有多种健康益处(Fish oil supplements come with a variety of health benefits

ω-3ω-6脂肪酸被称为健康脂肪(“healthy fats”),对人体健康至关重要。它们存在于富含脂肪的鱼、坚果,甚至一些植物油,如菜籽油中。但大多数美国人可能没有吃足够的这些食物达到推荐量。

这就是为什么许多人转向鱼油补充剂。它们是市场上最受欢迎的减肥药之一,这是有充分理由的。先前的研究Previous studies)表明,ω-3补充剂可以降低患高胆固醇和心脏病的风险。

鱼油的益处不可一刀切(The benefits of fish oil may not be one-size-fits-all

但决定服用流行的鱼油丸并非皆好one-size-fits-all)。例如,在目前的研究中,研究人员发现,高水平的ω-3脂肪酸可能与前列腺癌(prostate cancer)的风险略高有关。

该研究的通讯作者、佐治亚大学富兰克林文理学院(UGA’s Franklin College of Arts and Sciences)副教授叶凯雄(Kaixiong Ye)说:“对女性来说,这是一个很容易的决定:多吃ω-3脂肪酸。”

研究人员还发现,ω-6脂肪酸对年轻参与者,尤其是女性有更强的有益作用。

该研究得到了美国卫生部(HHS)、美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)、美国国立综合医学研究所(National Institute of General Medical Sciences简称NIGMS)的资助(R35GM143060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States)。

上述介绍,仅供参考。欲了解更多信息,敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道

Abstract

Previous epidemiological studies on the associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cancer incidence have been inconsistent. We investigated the associations of plasma omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs with the incidence of overall and 19 site-specific cancers in a large prospective cohort. 253,138 eligible UK Biobank participants were included in our study. With a mean follow-up of 12.9 years, 29,838 participants were diagnosed with cancer. The plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs were expressed as percentages of total fatty acids (omega-3% and omega-6%). In our main models, both omega-6% and omega-3% were inversely associated with overall cancer incidence (HR per SD = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99; HR per SD = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.97-1.00; respectively). Of the 19 site-specific cancers available, 14 were associated with omega-6% and five with omega-3%, all indicating inverse associations, with the exception that prostate cancer was positively associated with omega-3% (HR per SD = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.05). Our population-based cohort study in UK Biobank indicates small inverse associations of plasma omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs with the incidence of overall and most site-specific cancers, although there are notable exceptions, such as prostate cancer.



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