Science: 同日同期刊发两篇论文论证昆虫作为人和牲畜食物来源的理由

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据物理学家组织网（phys.org）2023年1月13日报道，《科学》（Science）杂志网站2023年1月12日发表了2篇论文，文章从不同角度阐述了将昆虫作为人类和牲畜食物来源的理由(Making the case for using insects as food for both humans and livestock)。详见：

Arup Kumar Hazarika, Unmilan Kalita. Human consumption of insects—Farming edible insects can help improve food security and boost developing economies. Science, 12 Jan 2023, 379 (6628): 140-141. DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8819. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8819

Arnold Van Huis, Laura Gasco. Insects as feed for livestock production—Insect farming for livestock feed has the potential to replace conventional feed. Science, 12 Jan 2023, 379 (6628): 138-139. DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9165. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9165

第一组研究人员奥雅纳·库马尔·哈扎里卡（Arup Kumar Hazarika）和昂米兰·卡林塔（Unmilan Kalita）分别来自印度的科顿大学（Cotton University, India）和印度伯尔讷格尔学院（Barnagar College, India），他们认为利用昆虫（insects）来满足未来几年世界各地日益增长的食物需求是有充分理由的。第二组是荷兰瓦赫宁根大学与研究中心（Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands）的阿诺德·范惠斯（Arnold van Huis）和意大利都灵大学（University of Torino， Italy）的劳拉·加斯科（Laura Gasco），他们认为，使用昆虫作为家牲畜（livestock）饲料是有充分理由的。

随着全球人口的增长，可供种植更多食物的土地变得越来越稀缺，世界各地的科学家已经开始寻找替代来源。发表在《科学》杂志上的两篇论文，作者都认为昆虫可以提供答案。

在第一篇论文中，作者指出人类吃昆虫并不非什么新鲜事。自从有人类以来，人们就一直在吃它们。时至今日，世界上仍有许多人在吃它们;然而，大多数人并没有。事实上，在大多数地方，人们认为吃昆虫很恶心，甚至很脏。作者认为，如果通过商业上可行的渠道提供昆虫，这种情况可能会改变。

他们指出，吃昆虫可以提供很多营养价值——例如，常见的蟋蟀富含蛋白质，这使得它们可以与动物肉竞争。研究人员还指出，饲养昆虫所需的资源比饲养牲畜更少，这使它们成为一种主要的绿色替代品。

在第二篇论文中，作者指出，目前大多数牲畜饲料是由鱼粉和豆粕制成的。他们还指出，全球肉类生产占用了70%~80%的农业用地（agricultural land），却生产了约25%的人类消耗的蛋白质。

他们认为，用昆虫制成的饲料取代传统饲料，将腾出现在用于种植牲畜食物的大片土地。对动物来说，这也是一种更健康的食物来源。此外，随着地球持续变暖，养殖昆虫可能变得更加可行。

在这两篇文章中，作者都认为，阻碍人们将昆虫作为食物来源的唯一因素是食物生产者的意愿。

上述介绍，仅供参考。欲了解更多信息，敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。

Eating insects can be good for the planet. Europeans should eat more of them

Abstract (DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8819)

Food insecurity may emerge from climate change, extreme weather events such as prolonged droughts and floods, ongoing global supply chain problems, and unpredictable geopolitical conflicts. In particular, the growing populations of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will require more accessible, affordable, and sustainable nutrition. To this end, upscaling traditional agriculture and livestock production is not a sustainable solution because these industries are themselves a driver of the climate crisis. The growing popularity of vegetarianism and veganism and the shift to plant-based or lab-grown meat are commendable efforts to solve these problems, but they may not be applicable or practical for every country. Farming insects for food generally requires much less resources compared with meat production. Edible insects can also supplement other diets by providing a different roster of nutrients and present an opportunity to improve food security.

Abstract (DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9165)

Livestock production makes up 70 to 80% of the world’s agricultural land use and yet only produces ～18% of all calories and 25% of all proteins consumed by humans. To grow food for livestock uses 33% of the world’s cropland. Although lifestyle changes, such as vegetarianism and veganism, may help to achieve sustainability in food production, the global demand for meat consumption is still increasing, so it is also crucial to consider more efficient ways to rear livestock. Insects as animal feed can supplement the current sources of livestock feed, which mostly comprise fishmeal and soybean meal. The use of insects as livestock feed can improve sustainability because insects can transform low-value organic wastes (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and even manure) into high-quality feed. Insect ingredients are also a valuable source of nutrition for animals with many possible health benefits.