本年度最新系列英文文章推介

王秉｜文

（中南大学 资源与安全工程学院/安全理论创新与促进研究中心，湖南长沙 410083）

现在，2018年已接近尾声。年底了，简单做个汇总总结。今天，推介本年度的最新系列英文文章。在2018年，主要围绕我们提出的“循证安全管理方法”和2015年之前一直开展的“安全文化学”2方面内容，我先后以一作主笔撰写发表了一些英文文章（其中，1篇发表于2017年年底）。为了便于上述文章在国内传播，下面，将这些英文文章的摘要翻译为中文，便于国内感兴趣的读者了解和阅读。其中，前6篇是循证安全管理/安全信息学系列，后2篇是安全文化学系列。

[1]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Bo Shi, Lang Huang. Evidence-based safety (EBS) management: A new approach to teaching the practice of safety management (SM) （循证安全管理：一种指导安全管理实践的新方法）[J]. Journal of Safety Research, 2017, 63(12):21-28.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In safety management (SM), it is important to make an effective safety decision based on the reliable and sufficient safety-related information. However, many SM failures in organizations occur for a lack of the necessary safety-related information for safety decision-making. Since facts are the important basis and foundation for decision-making, more efforts to seek the best evidence relevant to a particular SM problem would lead to a more effective SM solution. Therefore, the new paradigm for decision-making named “evidence-based practice (EBP)” can hold important implications for SM, because it uses the current best evidence for effective decision-making. METHODS: Based on a systematic review of existing SM approaches and an analysis of reasons why we need new SM approaches, we created a new SM approach called evidence-based safety (EBS) management by introducing evidence-based practice into SM. RESULTS: It was necessary to create new SM approaches. A new SM approach called EBS was put forward, and the basic questions of EBS such as its definition and core were analyzed in detail. Moreover, the determinants of EBS included manager's attitudes towards EBS; evidence-based consciousness in SM; evidence sources; technical support; EBS human resources; organizational culture; and individual attributes. CONCLUSIONS: EBS is a new and effective approach to teaching the practice of SM. Of course, further research on EBS should be carried out to make EBS a reality. Practical applications: Our work can provide a new and effective idea and method to teach the practice of SM. Specifically, EBS proposed in our study can help safety professionals make an effective safety decision based on a firm foundation of high-grade evidence.

摘要

介绍：在安全管理中，最重要的是基于可靠而充分的安全信息做一个有效的安全决策。但令人遗憾的是，因安全决策所需的必要安全信息缺失而导致的许多安全管理失败问题经常发生。由于事实是最重要的决策依据和基础，因而，若我们将更多的努力致力于寻找与一个安全管理问题相关的最佳证据时，必将会获得一个更有效的安全管理方案。而有一种新的决策范式（方法），即循证实践或基于证据的实践(EBP)，其正好是使用目前最佳证据进行有效的决策的一种方法。显然，EBP可以给安全管理带来重要启发。方法：基于对已有的安全管理方法的系统综述，及对需要新的安全管理方法的缘由的充分论证，将循证实践(EBP)借鉴引入安全管理，提出一种新的安全管理方法，即循证安全(EBS)管理。结果：研究发现，非常有必要创造新的安全管理方法。本文提出一种新的安全管理方法，即循证安全(EBS)管理，并详细分析循证安全(EBS)管理的3个基本问题（即定义、核心与实施步骤）。在此基础上，分析实施循证安全(EBS)管理的影响因素，即管理者对循证安全(EBS)管理的态度、安全管理中的证据意识、证据来源、技术支撑、循证安全(EBS)管理人力资源、组织文化和个体特性。结论：循证安全(EBS)管理是一种新的有效的指导安全管理实践的方法。当然，进一步的关于循证安全(EBS)管理还需继续开展，以期使其变为现实。实践应用：我们的研究可以提供一种新的有效的指导安全管理实践的理念和方法。细言之，本文提出的循证安全(EBS)管理可以帮助安全从业者以高质量的依据为可靠依据（基础）做一个有效的安全决策。

[2]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Lang Huang, Liangguo Kang, Using data-driven safety decision-making to realize smart safety management in the era of big data: A theoretical perspective on basic questions and their answers （大数据时代运用数据驱动的安全决策实现智能安全管理：理论层面的基础性问题及其答案）[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 210(2): 595-1604.

Abstract

How to make an effective safety decision is always a topic of intense interest in the safety management field. Safety-Related Data (SRD) are the most valuable assets for organizations’ Safety Decision-Making (SDM), especially in the era of big data. This paper focuses on the potentially important value of SRD in SDM, and aims to systematically answer some fundamental questions concerning a new paradigm for SDM, known as data-driven SDM, from a theoretical perspective. These questions examine (1) what it is, (2) what its benefits are, (3) what its theoretical foundations are, (4) what its fundamental elements consist of, (5) what factors influencing it are, and (6) how the organization should implement it and realize smart safety management by using it. Other theoretical and practical contributions include a discussion of the problems of traditional SDM approaches and how to solve them, a rationale for creating and studying data-driven SDM, and suggestions for future research. This paper is the first to study the basic questions of data-driven SDM specifically, thus its results hold important implications for future research and practice on data-driven SDM and smart safety management.

摘要

如何做一个有效的安全决策（Safety Decision-Making，SDM）一直是安全管理领域讨论的焦点问题。在信息时代，特别是大数据时代，安全数据（Safety-Related Data，SRD）是组织安全决策最宝贵的财富和资源。本文聚焦于安全数据在安全决策中的潜在的巨大价值，目的是从理论角度出发，系统地回答关于“数据驱动的安全决策”的这种新的安全决策范式的一些基础性问题。这些问题主要包括以下6个：（1）它是什么，（2）它的优势（优点）是什么，（3）它的理论基础是什么，（4）它的基本要素是什么，（5）它的影响因素是什么，以及（6）组织如何运用它实现智慧安全管理。其他的理论和实践贡献包括讨论传统的安全决策方法所存在的问题以及如何解决这些问题、创建和研究数据驱动的安全决策的理由，以及提出对未来研究的建议。本文首次对数据驱动安全决策的基本问题进行了专门研究，研究结果对今后数据驱动的安全决策和智慧安全管理的研究和实践具有重要的指导意义。

[3]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Liangguo Kang, et al. Work safety in China’s Thirteenth Five-Year plan period (2016–2020): Current status, new challenges and future tasks（中国十三五（2016-2020）期间的生产安全：现状、新挑战和未来任务）[J]. Safety Science, 2018, 104(4):164-178.

Abstract

The problem of work safety greatly affects many parts of the world, especially developing countries such as China. The release of the Thirteenth Five-Year Guideline for National Economic and Social Development in March 2016 marked the beginning of China’s Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (13th FYP) period (2016–2020). Work safety continues to be a national priority. Since the release, a newly important work safety policy, namely the 13th FYP for Work Safety has been announced on February 3, 2017 in accordance with the Thirteenth Five-Year Guideline for National Economic and Social Development. What is the current status, what are new challenges and future tasks of work safety during China’s 13th FYP period? The two key objectives of this paper are: (1) to analyze the current status of work safety in China, and (2) to introduce the new challenges and future tasks during China’s 13th FYP period briefly. Firstly, a statistical analysis of accidents and occupational diseases in recent years in China was carried out, and a brief introduction to safety management on the national level in China has been given to analyze the work safety status in the whole of China. Secondly, combining with the demand for economic and social development in China, and according to the suggestions in the 13th FYP for Work Safety and the current status of work safety in China, the new challenges and future tasks of work safety during China’s 13th FYP period are also introduced. This study can promote the cooperation and exchange of knowledge on work safety between China and other countries to provide evidence-based services for work safety.

摘要

安全生产问题对世界许多地区的影响都很大，尤其是发展中国家（如中国）。2016年3月发布的《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》标志着中国“十三五”（2016-2020年）规划的开始。安全生产仍然是国家的首要任务。根据《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》，于2017年2月3日，一项新的重要安全生产政策，即《安全生产“十三五”规划》已经公布。“十三五”规划期间中国安全生产的现状、新挑战、未来任务是什么？本文的两个主要目标是：（1）分析中国的安全生产现状，以及（2）简要介绍中国“十三五”期间的安全生产新挑战和未来任务。首先，对中国近年来的事故和职业病进行了统计分析，并简要介绍了中国的安全管理现状，分析了中国的安全生产现状。其次，结合中国经济社会发展需要，根据《安全生产“十三五”规划》提出的建议和中国的安全生产现状，介绍了“十三五”期间中国安全生产的新挑战和未来任务。本研究能够促进中外安全生产方面的合作与交流，可为中外的安全生产工作提供循证服务。

[4]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Reniers G, et al. The future of hazardous chemical safety in China: Opportunities, problems, challenges and tasks （中国危化品安全的未来：机遇、问题、挑战与任务）[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 643(12):1-11.

Abstract

China is a major country producing and using hazardous chemicals. Unfortunately, the hazardous chemical industry is still one of the most high-risk industries in China. In recent years, especially after two devastating hazardous chemical accidents, namely “Qingdao 11.2 Crude Oil Leaking and Explosion Accident” and “Tianjin Port 8.12 Fire and Explosion Accident” which occurred in 2013 and 2015 respectively, China has attached great importance to hazardous chemical safety. The period between 2016 and 2017 is a crucial period for the future direction of hazardous chemical safety in China because China released a series of important government documents (such as ‘Thirteenth Five-Year (2016–2020) Plan for Hazardous Chemical Safety’ and ‘Comprehensive Plan for Hazardous Chemical Safety Management (December 2016–November 2019)’) to promote hazardous chemical safety in the future. What is the future development of China's hazardous chemical safety? To answer this question, this paper attempts to briefly analyze and introduce the opportunities, problems, challenges and tasks of the future of safety with hazardous chemical industrial activities in China, according to the current situation of hazardous chemical safety in China and using the latest government documents and studies. Obviously, this study can provide useful evidence and suggestions for the future of safety management in the hazardous chemical industry both within China and in other countries.

摘要

中国是一个危险化学品生产和使用大国。不幸的是，危险化学品行业仍然是中国风险最高的行业之一。近年来，特别是两起重大危险化学品事故，即分别发生于2013年和2015年的青岛“11·22”中石化输油管道泄漏爆炸事故和天津港“8·12”火灾爆炸事故之后，中国已经非常重视危险化学品安全。2016年和2017年是中国危险化学品安全未来发展方向的关键时期，这是因为中国发布了一系列重要政府文件（例如《危险化学品安全生产“十三五”规划》”和《危险化学品安全综合治理方案》（2016年12月至2019年11月））旨在促进未来的危险化学品安全。中国危险化学品安全的未来发展是什么？为回答这个问题，本文根据中国的危险化学品安全现状、政府最新文件和最新研究成果，试图对中国危险化品安全所面临的机遇、问题、挑战和今后的任务进行简要的分析和介绍。显然，本研究可为今后中外危险化学品行业安全管理提供有益的证据和建议。

[5]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Huang L, et al. Prevention and control of major accidents (MAs) and particularly serious accidents (PSAs) in the industrial domain in China: Current status, recent efforts and future prospects（中国工业领域的重特大事故防控：现状、近期努力与展望）[J]. Process Safety & Environmental Protection, 2018, 117(7): 254-266.

Abstract

China has been experiencing dynamic industrialization because of rapid economic growth. Even with steady industrial safety improvements in recent years in China, the death rate per accident is increasing, and major accidents (MAs) as well as particularly serious accidents (PSAs) are still occurring every year. Evidently, the risk of industrial accidents, especially of MAs and PSAs is still high. Moreover, China has entered a bottleneck period for the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs. In a word, MAs and PSAs have become a significant challenge for China’s industrial, social, and economic development. In recent years, especially since 2016, great attention of the Chinese government has been given to the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs. China launched its nationwide safety campaigns for firmly curbing MAs and PSAs. Some potentially effective measures and strategies in a series of safety policy documents (e.g., the ‘Guidelines for Comprehensively and Resolutely Curbing MAs and PSAs’ and the ‘Thirteenth-Five-Year Plan for Work Safety’) were also proposed, to reduce MAs and PSAs. Firstly, this paper makes a statistical analysis of China’s MAs and PSAs between the year of 2002 and 2016 to figure out the current status of MAs and PSAs in China. Then this article reviews some latest major events of the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs in China to introduce the recent efforts in the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs in China. Finally, according to a series of safety policy documents in China, and the scientific research literature from other countries, this study gives a brief introduction to the future prospects of the prevention and control of MAs and PSAs in China. Obviously, this study can provide useful evidence and suggestions for the future prevention and control of MAs and PSAs both within China and in other countries.

摘要

因为经济快速增长，中国正经历着工业化的动态发展。尽管近年来中国工业安全水平在稳步提升，但每起事故的死亡率仍在上升，重大事故（MA）和特别重大事故（PSA）（统称为“重特大事故”）每年仍不断发生。显然，工业事故的风险，尤其是重特大事故的风险仍然很高。此外，中国已经进入了重特大事故防控的瓶颈期。总之，重特大事故已经成为中国工业、社会和经济发展的重大挑战。近年来，特别是2016年以来，中国政府高度重视重特大事故防控工作。中国发起了全国性的安全运动，以期坚决遏制重特大事故的发生。在一系列安全政策文件（如《标本兼治遏制重特大事故工作指南》、《安全生产“十五”规划》）中，中国还提出了一些潜在的减少重特大事故的有效措施和策略。本文首先对2002-2016年间中国的重特大事故进行统计分析，了解中国的重特大事故现状。然后，回顾近年来中国关于重特大事故防控的一些重大事件，并介绍近年来中国的重特大事故防控工作。最后，根据中国的一系列安全政策文件，结合国外相关研究文献，简要介绍中国的重特大事故防控前景。可见，本研究可为今后中外重特大事故防控提供有益证据和建议。

[6]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Liangguo Kang, et al. What are the new challenges, goals, and tasks of occupational health in China’s Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (13th FYP) period? （中国“十三五”期间职业健康的新挑战、目标与任务）[J]. Journal of Occupational Health, 2018, 60: 208-228.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to occupational health under the guidance of people-oriented concept. This paper introduces the current status and future development of occupational health in China's Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (13th FYP) period (2016-2020) to promote the cooperation and exchange on occupational health between China and other countries. METHODS: We collected statistical data about occupational diseases and information addressing occupational diseases. We included all types of official reports, guidelines, policies, and relevant laws published by the Chinese government. RESULTS: China has carried out a series of strategies and measures to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases, and has made progress in occupational health protection. However, occupational health in China still faces severe conditions and challenges for occupational diseases that have not been prevented and controlled effectively. To actively promote the future development of occupational health during the 13th FYP period, China has issued a series of important policy documents (such as the Plan for a Healthy China 2030, the 13th FYP for Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, and the 13th FYP for Occupational Health Hazard Prevention and Control) in the last two years. CONCLUSION: The overall situation condition of occupational health in China is still serious. Occupational health in China's 13th FYP period faces a series of challenges, future tasks include plans to add the employer and regulatory levels of occupational health management, and occupational health education and publicity to the current technology-dominated approaches.

目标：近年来，中国政府在“以人为本”理念的指导下，高度重视职业健康工作。为促进中国与其他国家在职业健康领域的合作与交流，介绍“十三五”期间（2016—2020年）中国职业健康工作的现状和发展趋势。方法：我们收集中国的有关职业病的统计数据和职业病的信息，包括中国政府发布的各种官方报告、指导方针、政策和相关法律。结果：中国已经实施了一系列降低职业病发病率的战略和措施，已经在职业健康防护方面取得了重大进步。然而，中国职业健康仍面临着严峻形势和挑战（一些职业病尚未得到有效预控）。为积极推进“十三五”期间的职业健康事业的未来发展，中国近两年出台了一系列重要政策文件（如《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》、《职业病危害治理“十三五”规划》与《国家职业病防治规划(2016-2020年)》等）。结论：中国职业健康总体状况依然严峻。中国“十三五”期间的职业健康工作面临一系列挑战，今后的任务是在当前以技术为主的防控方式中增加用人单位职业健康管理、职业健康监管，以及职业健康教育和宣传。

[7]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu, Lang Huang. Emotional safety culture: A new and key element of safety culture （情感安全文化：一种新且重要的安全文化元素）[J]. Process Safety Progress, 2018,37(2): 134-139.

Abstract

Fostering a positive safety culture is essential and important for preventing individual and large-scale accidents. However, many accidents caused by people's unsafe behaviors occur because safety culture is poor, or some main elements of safety culture are missing. The two key objectives of this article are: (1) to propose people's emotional safety needs based on people's emotional needs and (2) to put forward emotional safety culture and analyze its role in behavior‐based safety (BBS) management. First, the connotation of people's emotional safety needs was explained, which includes the need “to love and to be loved,” the need for self‐perfection of safety humanity, and the need for realizing self-value to safety. Second, the connotation of emotional safety culture was analyzed. Meanwhile, the role of emotional safety culture in BBS management was explored. At last, the basic patterns and strategies of developing emotional safety culture were briefly discussed. Overall, emotional safety culture is one of the new and key elements of safety culture and is a feasible and effective approach to BBS management and developing a strong safety culture.

摘要

培养积极的安全文化对于预防个人和大规模事故至关重要。然而，由于安全文化薄弱，或缺乏安全文化的一些主要要素，导致人的不安全行为引发的事故时有发生。本文的两个主要目标是：（1）基于人的情感性需求提出人的情感性安全需求；（2）提出情感安全文化，并分析其在行为安全（BBS）管理中的作用。首先，阐述人的情感性安全需要的内涵，包括“爱与被爱”的需要、安全人性自我完善的需要、实现安全自我价值的需要。其次，分析情感安全文化的内涵。同时，探讨情感安全文化在行为安全（BBS）管理中的作用。最后，简要讨论情感安全文化建设的基本模式和策略。总体而言，情感安全文化是安全文化的新元素和关键元素之一，是行为安全（BBS）管理和建设优秀安全文化的可行和有效途径。

[8]      Bing Wang, Chao Wu. Safety culture development, research, and implementation in China: An overview （中国的安全文化发展、研究和实施：一个综述）[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2019, 110(1): 289-300.

Abstract

Many organizations around the world have considered safety culture as an emerging research field to address the needs of safety performance improvement and an important means and enabler of safety. The concept of safety culture was introduced in China in the early 1990s with support and encouragement from all levels of the government. Ever since, safety culture has greatly developed and received increasing attention in China, especially in the 21st century, and its research and practice have been very fruitful. However, such research is little known in the rest of the world because most works were published or introduced in Chinese. The two key objectives of this paper are: (1) to analyze the current state of safety culture research in China and (2) to introduce China's safety culture development, achievements, and prospects briefly. First, the long and dynamic journey of safety culture development in China is introduced. Then the current state of safety culture research in China is explained through literature analysis, and some key achievements in recent years are introduced. Finally, the prospects of safety culture in China over the next five years are introduced by combining the demand of safe development and the current Chinese safety culture research and the suggestions in the Thirteenth-Five-Year Plan for Work Safety formulated on February 3, 2017. However more detailed research needs to be carried out for a deeper understanding of China's safety culture development, research, and implementation.

摘要

世界各国的许多组织都把安全文化视为一个新兴的研究领域，以满足提升安全绩效的需要，安全文化被视为是一种重要安全手段和安全的驱动器。安全文化概念在90年代初被引入中国，得到了各级政府的支持和鼓励。自此，安全文化在中国得到了极大的发展和逐渐重视，尤其是在21世纪，中国的安全文化研究与实践取得了丰硕的成果。然而，中国的安全文化研究在世界其他地区鲜为人知，因为大多数研究成果是用中文发表或介绍的。本文的两个主要目标是：（1）分析中国的安全文化研究现状，（2）简要介绍中国安全文化的发展、成就和前景。首先，介绍中国安全文化发展的漫长动态历程。然后，通过文献分析，分析中国安全文化研究的现状，并介绍近年来中国安全文化研究的一些重要成果。最后，结合中国安全发展的需要，结合当前安全文化研究的现状，结合中国于2017年2月3日制定颁布的《安全生产“十三五”规划》，对未来五年中国的安全文化的发展前景进行展望。然而，为了更深入地了解中国安全文化的发展、研究和实施，还需要进行更详细的研究。