1. From NF-κB to cGAS: An interview with Professor Zhijian James Chen on unraveling innate immunity

hLife | 从NF-κB到cGAS：陈志坚教授访谈——揭开固有免疫的奥秘

通信作者：曾文文、Lai Guan Ng、陈志坚、闫群

在这次对话中，陈志坚教授回顾了他的研究历程，从最初对泛素和NF-κB信号的探索，到MAVS和cGAS的发现，展现了他对细胞信号传导及人类疾病的持久热情。陈教授强调，科研工作的关键在于不畏艰难关注具有深远影响而且尚未解决的问题，且能坚持不懈。这次交流不仅为有志于科研的年轻学者提供了导师般的视角，也凝练了生物医学研究成功之路的精髓。

引用：

Zeng W, Ng LG, Chen ZJ, et al. From NF-κB to cGAS: An interview with Prof. Zhijian James Chen on unraveling innate immunity. hLife 2025; 3: 253–257.

2. Induction of translation-suppressive G3BP1⁺ stress granules and interferon-signaling cGAS condensates by transfected plasmid DNA

hLife | 美国国家癌症研究所郑志明和Vladimir Majerciak研究团队破译质粒DNA转染激活双重免疫应答机制

通信作者：Vladimir Majerciak

本研究通过脂质体介导的质粒转染实验，结合荧光显微成像、siRNA敲低及病毒蛋白共表达等技术，揭示了质粒DNA触发宿主天然免疫的双重机制。

Majerciak V, Zheng ZM. Induction of translation-suppressive G3BP1⁺ stress granules and interferon-signaling cGAS condensates by transfected plasmid DNA. hLife 2024; 3: 21–37.

3. Boosting CAR-T cell therapy with CRISPR technology

hLife | CRISPR技术在CAR-T疗法中的应用

通信作者：邬一谦

文章综述CRISPR技术在CAR-T疗法中的应用，通过CRISPR可以提高CAR-T疗法的安全性和有效性。

Yan L, Gao S, Wang X, et al. Boosting CAR-T cell therapy with CRISPR technology. hLife 2024; 2: 380–396.

4. Mechanism of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, associated cognitive dysfunction, and therapeutic updates in Alzheimer's disease

hLife | Ashif Iqubal等研究团队阐明小胶质细胞与阿尔茨海默病的神经炎症和认知障碍的关系

通信作者：Mohammad Kashif Iqubal、Ashif Iqubal

本文详细梳理了小胶质细胞激活机制及其与神经炎症和痴呆的关系，并介绍了作用于tau蛋白或缓解神经炎症的药物及其临床进展。

Ghimire A, Rehman SA, Subhani A, et al. Mechanism of microglia mediated neuroinflammation, associated cognitive dysfunction, and therapeutic updates in Alzheimer’s disease. hLife 2025; 3: 64–81.

5. BCMA-CD19 bispecific CAR-T therapy in refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

hLife | CAR-T细胞治疗点亮慢性格林巴利综合征的治愈希望

通信作者：施明、崔桂云、郑骏年

本文报道了全球首例慢性格林巴利综合征（CIDP）患者接受嵌合抗原受体工程化T细胞（CAR-T细胞）治疗后随访1年期的结果，系统解析了BCMA-CD19双特异性CAR-T细胞用于治疗难治性/复发性CIDP的可行性、耐受性和疗效，深入探讨了CAR-T细胞疗法治疗自身免疫性疾病的广阔前景。

Zhang W, Liu D, Zhang T, et al. BCMA-CD19 bispecific CAR-T therapy in refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. hLife 2024; 2: 434–438.

6. Microbiota, chronic inflammation, and health: The promise of inflammatome and inflammatomics for precision medicine and health care

hLife | 菌群、慢性炎症与健康：炎症组学开启精准医疗新时代

通信作者：Seppo J. Salminen、朱宝利、杨瑞馥

本文系统阐述了肠道微生物群通过调控慢性炎症影响肥胖、代谢疾病等全身性疾病的机制，开创性地提出“炎症组”和“炎症组学”这两个术语，旨在解码菌群失调驱动的慢性炎症，并阐明其与疾病的关联。

Zhang H, Yang Lee BJ, Wang T, et al. Microbiota, chronic inflammation, and health: The promise of inflammatome and inflammatomics for precision medicine and health care. hLife 2025; 3: 307–326.

7. Unveiling the multifaceted roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in copper metabolism and cuproptosis

hLife | 西南大学谢建平研究团队阐述ISG15和ISGylation在铜代谢和铜死亡中的作用

通信作者：谢建平

本文深入探讨了ISG15、ISGylation、铜代谢与铜蛋白凋亡之间的复杂关系，旨在强调这些生物过程的参与者在疾病背景下的创新性和重要性。

Xu J, Zhang Q, Suleiman IM, et al. Unveiling the multifaceted roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in copper metabolism and cuproptosis. hLife 2025; 3: 498–500.

8. Candida albicans overgrowth impairs anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in oral tumor-bearing mice

通信作者：闫志敏

Candida albicans is one of the most common fungi living in the human gut and oral cavity, and shows associations with the development and prognosis of multiple types of cancer. Our previous study found that C. albicans overgrowth promoted oral cancer development and impaired anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) treatment in mice. However, it is unclear whether different levels of C. albicans have different effects on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for oral cancer. Additionally, whether gut overgrowth of C. albicans influences anti-PD-1 therapy for distant tumor sites is also unknown. 

Wang X, Zhang X, Wu S, et al. Candida albicans overgrowth impairs anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in oral tumor-bearing mice. hLife 2025; 3: 407–409.

9. Tip optofluidic immunoassay: Evaluating COVID-19 antibody protection with 1 μL fingertip blood

hLife | 一滴指尖血，打造快速便捷的免疫检测新模式

通信作者：谭骁天、柴语娟、郑海荣、范旭东、谢良志、曹云龙、杨慧

本研究团队成功研发出一种便携式微流控化学发光免疫分析平台（Tip Optofluidic Immunoassay，简称TOI）。只需1微升指尖血，研究人员就能利用TOI平台在40分钟内完成抗体结合能力和中和能力等多维度免疫指标的快速定量评估，为传染病防控与免疫防护能力监测提供了先进技术手段。

Tan X, Chai Y, Li R, et al. Tip optofluidic immunoassay: Evaluating COVID-19 antibody protection with 1 μL fingertip blood. hLife 2025; 3: 338–356.

10. Advances in the pathogenic, genetic and immunological studies of leprosy

hLife | 麻风──一个从未消失的疾病

通信作者：刘红、张福仁

本文综述了麻风病因学、免疫遗传学研究现状，呈现了人类对麻风的认识由“无知”导致“谈麻色变”到发现麻风菌-开启化学治疗时代，进而发现“导致麻风危害发生”的内因-遗传风险因子，开启麻风精准防治新阶段。

Mi Z, Liu H, Zhang F. Advances in the pathogenic, genetic and immunological studies of leprosy. hLife 2024; 2: 6–17.

11. Enabling manufacture and access to advanced therapy medicinal products in low- and middle-income countries

hLife | 巴西探索新模式突破高价药困局，大幅降低癌症与罕见病治疗成本

通信作者：Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho

巴西正在通过创新、高效且经济的生产与分发模式，在提升先进治疗用药（ATMPs）可及性方面取得重大进展。这些举措由隶属于巴西联邦政府的奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹基金会（Fiocruz）主导，旨在大幅降低癌症和罕见遗传病等疾病治疗的高昂费用，减轻医疗系统和政府财政的压力。

Campos de Carvalho AC, Sachetti CG, Krieger MA. Enabling manufacture and access to advanced therapy medicinal products in low- and middle-income countries. hLife 2025; 3: 521–523.

12. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: The Treg, FoxP3, and STAT-regulated immune network

通信作者：傅新元

Fu XY. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: The Treg, FoxP3, and STAT-regulated immune network. hLife 2025; 3: 573–575.

13. Harnessing allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy for autoimmune conditions

通信作者：徐沪济，闫群

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet its application to autoimmune diseases remains in its infancy. In 2024, Professor Huji Xu and his colleagues achieved a groundbreaking milestone in allogeneic CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy in patients with severe myositis and systemic sclerosis. In this dialogue, Professor Xu elaborated on the rationale and development of allogeneic CAR-T therapy as a cost-effective, scalable alternative to autologous approaches. By utilizing multiplex genome-edited CD19-targeted CAR-T cells derived from healthy donors, his team aims to address critical challenges in manufacturing, accessibility, and long-term efficacy. Professor Xu also discussed strategies for cost reduction, regulatory hurdles, and the broader implications for immunotherapy. Drawing on his extensive experience, he envisions allogeneic CAR-T therapy emerging as a transformative treatment for autoimmune diseases, with the potential to achieve widespread accessibility and profound clinical impact.

Yan Q, Xu H. Harnessing allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy for autoimmune conditions. hLife 2025; 3: 159–161.