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用 R 简单作图 (plot in R) 的各项参数设置
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# step 1. plot
> plot(x, y, type = "p", pch = NULL[variable.Code], bg = NA, cex = NULL, xlim = NULL,ylim = NULL,
xaxt = NULL, yaxt = NULL, xaxs= NULL, yaxs= NULL, tck = NULL,
main = NULL, sub = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, ann =par("ann"),
axes = TRUE, frame.plot = axes, panel.first = NULL,panel.last = NULL, asp = NA, ...)
# for example, pch = c(0,15)[year.code-2014], if you are interested, just try it, a surprise.
Arguments
x, y | the x and y arguments provide the x and y coordinates for the plot. Any reasonable way of defining the coordinates is acceptable. |
type | character string giving the type of plot desired. The following values are possible. type what type of plot should be drawn. Possible types are "p" for points, "l" for lines, "b" for both, "c" for the lines part alone of "b", "o" for both ‘overplotted’, "h" for ‘histogram’ like (or ‘high-density’) vertical lines, "s" for stair steps, "S" for other steps, see ‘Details’ below, "n" for no plotting. |
xlim | the x limits (x1, x2) of the plot. Note that x1 > x2 is allowed and leads to a ‘reversed axis’. The default value, NULL, indicates that the range of the finite values to be plotted should be used. |
ylim | the y limits of the plot. |
| main | a main title for the plot, see also title. |
sub | a sub title for the plot. |
xlab | a label for the x axis, defaults to a description of x. |
ylab | a label for the y axis, defaults to adescription of y. |
pch
a vector of plotting characters or symbols: see points.
Values of pch are storedinternally as integers. The interpretation is
NA_integer_: no symbol.
0:18: S-compatible vector symbols.
19:25: further R vector symbols.
26:31: unused (and ignored).
32:127: ASCII characters.
128:255 native characters only in a single-byte locale and for the symbol font. (128:159 are only used on Windows.)
-32 ... Unicode code point (where supported).
The following R plotting symbolsare can be obtained with pch =19:25: those with 21:25can be colored andfilled with different colors: col gives the border color and bg the backgroundcolor (which is "grey" in the figure)
pch = 19: solid circle,
pch = 20: bullet (smaller solid circle, 2/3 the size of 19),
pch = 21: filled circle,
pch = 22: filled square,
pch = 23: filled diamond,
pch = 24: filled triangle point-up,
pch = 25: filled triangle point down.
Note that unlike S(which uses octagons), symbols 1, 10, 13 and 16 use circles. Thefilled shapes 15:18 do not include a border.
cex
a numerical vector giving the amount by which plotting charactersand symbols should be scaled relative to the default. This works as a multipleof par("cex"). NULL andNA are equivalent to 1.0. Note that this doesnot affect annotation: see below
cex.axis。表示在当前的cex设定情况下，对坐标轴刻度值字体的放大倍数。
cex.lab。表示在当前的cex设定情况下，对坐标轴名称字体的放大倍数。
cex.main。表示在当前的cex设定情况下，对主标题字体的放大倍数。
cex.sub。表示在当前的cex设定情况下，对子标题字体的放大倍数。
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#step 2. if in step 1 , xaxt = "n", yaxt = "n", then we should specify axis , see below.
> axis(side = 1, las = 0, labels = TRUE, font = NA, lty = "solid", lwd = 1, col.axis = NULL, cex = NULL, tck = NULL, ...)
> axis(side = 2, las = 2, labels = TRUE, font = NA, lty = "solid", lwd = 1, col.axis = NULL, cex = NULL, tck = NULL, ...)
Arguments
side | an integer specifying which side of the plot the axis is to be drawn on. The axis is placed as follows: 1=below, 2=left, 3=above and 4=right. |
lty | line type for both the axis line and the tick marks. |
lwd | line widths for the axis line and the tick marks. Zero or negative values will suppress the line or ticks. |
col
The colors for lines and points. Multiple colors can be specifiedso that each point can be given its own color. If there are fewer colors thanpoints they are recycled in the standard fashion. Lines will all be plotted inthe first colour specified.
col.axis
The color to be used for axis annotation. Defaults to "black".
col.lab
The color to be used for x and y labels. Defaults to "black".
col.main
The color to be used for plot main titles. Defaults to "black".
col.sub
The color to be used forplot sub-titles. Defaults to "black".
font
An integer which specifies which font to use for text. Ifpossible, device drivers arrange so that 1 corresponds to plain text (thedefault), 2 to bold face, 3 to italic and 4 to bold italic. Also, font 5 isexpected to be the symbol font, in Adobe symbol encoding. On some devices font familiescan be selected by family to choose different sets of 5 fonts.
font.axis
The font to be used for axis annotation.
font.lab
The font to be used for x and y labels.
font.main
The font to be used for plot main titles.
font.sub
The font to be used for plot sub-titles.
particularly, cex.axis, col.axis and font.axis foraxis annotation, tck or tcl fortick mark length and direction, 坐标轴刻度长度，正数为在图内侧画，负数为在外侧画。las for vertical/horizontal label orientation. 表示坐标轴标签平行于坐标轴还是垂直于坐标轴，0-平行；2-垂直Parameters xaxt (sides1 and 3) and yaxt (sides 2 and 4) control if the axis isplotted at all.xaxt="n"，yaxt="n"表示不绘制x轴或y轴。
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# step 3.if need add some lines, for example
> abline(h = yvalue, v = xvalue, lty = NULL, ...)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# step 4.legend
> legend(x,y,legend,)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# References
# http://www.inside-r.org/r-doc/graphics/par
# http://www.aichengxu.com/view/2583064
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-651374-979745.html
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