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DOI: 10.12017/dzkx.2022.061
新疆东天山铁岭钼矿区含矿正长花岗岩的岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素约束
陈邦学1 徐胜利1 来 甲2 张 玺1 付瑞鑫3 李 平4
(1. 中化地质矿山总局陕西地质勘查院 西安 710000;2. 陕西省煤层气开发利用有限公司 西安 710000;3. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 广州 510640;4. 新疆维吾尔自治区地质调查院 乌鲁木齐 830000)
摘 要 东天山作为中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,是我国重要钼矿资源基地。铁岭钼矿位于东天山觉罗塔格成矿带西段。通过对铁岭钼矿区含矿正长花岗岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成研究,获得正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为286±1.9 Ma属于早二叠世;锆石Hf同位素数据显示,其具有较高的εHf(t)值(+9.51~+12.69),年轻的二阶段模式年龄TDM2(699~493 Ma),显示该岩石是由新生地壳熔融形成的。岩石地球化学结果表明,整体上属于高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩。具有明显的轻重稀土分馏(La/Yb=1.02~6.08)和Eu正异常(Eu*=1.05~1.90),富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Ba、U),以及亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P)等特点,显示出火山弧环境岩石地球化学特征。依据岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学特征,结合区域构造背景认为东天山铁岭钼矿成矿作用发生于晚石炭世末期到早二叠世同碰撞向板内伸展过渡的构造环境下,此时地壳垂向增厚,铁岭钼矿区含矿正长花岗岩来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。
关键词 锆石U-Pb定年 Hf同位素 花岗岩 铁岭钼矿
Petrogenesis of ore-bearing syenogranite from the Tieling molybdenum deposit, in eastern Tianshan, Xingjiang: Constraints on zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotope
Chen BangXue1 Xu Shengli1 Lai Jia2 Zhang Xi1 Fu RuiXin3 Li Ping4
(1. Shanxi Geological Exploration Institute of Geology and Mine Bureau, Xi,an 710000; 2. Shaanxi Coalbed Methane Development Co., Ltd, Xi’an 710000; 3. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640; 4. Geological Survey Academy of Xinjiang, ürümqi 830000)
Abstract
As an important part of the metallogenic domain in Central Asia, East Tianshan is an important molybdenum ore base in China. The Tieling molybdenum deposit is located in the western section of the Jueluotage metallogenic belt in the East Tianshan. Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb, and Hf isotopic composition of the ore-bearing syenogranite in the Tieling molybdenum mining area have been studied. The zircon U-Pb age of the syenite granite is 286±1.9 Ma, belonging to the Early Permian. Zircon Hf isotope data show that it has high ε value. The εHf (t) value (9.51 ~ 12.69) and the young two-stage model age TDM2 (699~493 Ma) show that the rock is formed by the melting of the newborn crust. The geochemical results are characterized by high-potassium calc-alkaline series belong to peraluminous granite as a whole, which are accompanied by obvious fractionation between light and heavy rare earth(La/Yb=1.02~6.08), Eu anomaly(Eu*=1.05~1.90), and fertile in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, K, Ba, U), depleted in high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Ti, P) , showing the petrochemical characteristics of volcanic arc environment. According to the characteristics of rock geochemistry and isotope geochemistry, combined with the regional tectonic background, it is considered that the mineralization of Tieling molybdenum deposit in East Tianshan occurred in the tectonic environment of the transition from co-collision to intraplate extension from the end of Late Carboniferous to early Permian, and the ore-bearing syenite granite in Tieling molybdenum deposit area came from the partial melting of newborn crustal materials.
Keywords Zircon U-Pb dating,Hf isotope,granite,Tieling molybdenum deposit
中亚造山带(CAOB)位于东欧克拉通、西伯利亚克拉通、塔里木克拉通和华北克拉通之间(图1a),是世界上现存最复杂的复合增生型造山带之一,也是全球最大的大陆成矿域(Xiao et al.,2015;Gao et al.,2015)。其主要由岛弧、微陆块、海山、洋岛、增生杂岩等组成,被认为与古亚洲洋俯冲消减及增生事件有关(Xiao et al.,2008,2010,2015;Gao et al.,2015;Wang et al.,2017;高俊等,2019;肖文交等,2019)。中亚造山带内蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源和能源,发育有世界级的金矿、铜矿、钼矿等,成为资源勘查和成矿理论研究的重要基地(高俊等,2019;肖文交等,2019)。东天山作为中亚成矿域的重要组成部分(图1b),发育VMS型铜(锌)矿、斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、岩浆硫化物型铜镍矿、造山带型金矿、浅成低温热液型金矿等多种矿床成因类型(图1c),是我国重要矿产资源基地。目前随着研究的不断深入和勘查力度的不断加大,东天山斑岩型铜钼矿床成岩成矿时代方面获得大量的数据(Zhang et al., 2005;李华芹等,2006;吴云辉等,2013;吴艳爽等,2013;Shen et al.,2014;王银宏等,2015;王超等,2015;Zhang et al.,2015;刘彬等,2016;林涛等,2017;Sun et al.,2017;Wu et al.,2017;Han et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2018a;Li et al.,2021)(图1c,表1),目前发表的数据显示斑岩型铜钼在成岩成矿时代具有明显的差异,斑岩型铜矿主要集中形成于早石炭世(除三岔口斑岩型铜钼矿形成于晚志留世)(Shen et al.,2014;王超等,2015;林涛等,2017;Wang et al.,2018b),斑岩型钼矿主要集中形成于早中三叠世(Zhang et al.,2005;李华芹等,2006;吴云辉等,2013;吴艳爽等,2013;王银宏等, 2015;Zhang et al.,2015;刘彬等,2016,Sun et al.,2017;Wu et al.,2017;Han et al.,2018),大致可以概括为“早铜晚钼”。前人普遍认为东天山的钼矿成岩成矿集中爆发于印支期(Zhang et al.,2005;李华芹等,2006;吴云辉等,2013;吴艳爽等,2013;Shen et al., 2014;王超等, 2015;王银宏等,2015;Zhang et al.,2015;刘彬等,2016;林涛等,2017;Sun et al.,2017;Wu et al.,2017;Han et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2018a),但近些年新发现的铁岭钼矿形成于晚石炭—早二叠世(Li et al., 2021),表明东天山斑岩型钼矿成岩成矿存在多个期次。
图1 研究区大地构造位置及矿床分布简图(据Wang et al., 2018a修改)
Fig. 1 The tectonic location of the Tieling Mo deposit in the East Tianshan, Xinjiang (modified from Wang et al., 2018a)
铁岭斑岩型钼矿为近些年新发现,与东戈壁、白山超大型斑岩钼矿同位于东天山觉罗塔格多金属成矿带,表明该带具有寻找斑岩型钼矿的良好潜力。目前铁岭斑岩型钼矿的成岩成矿时代、地球动力学背景、岩石地球化学特征等研究尚浅。因此,准确厘定成岩成矿时代、分析地球动力学背景和岩石地球化学特征,对揭示该区域斑岩型钼矿成矿规律,对找矿探矿均有重要意义。
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