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6PPD-Q(6PPD-Quinone,AbMole,M42362)是轮胎抗臭氧剂 6PPD 经臭氧氧化生成的醌类转化产物,随轮胎磨损颗粒经地表径流广泛进入水环境与大气,是近年来最受关注的新污染物之一。分子层面,6PPD-Q(CAS No.:2754428-18-5)(C₁₈H₂₂N₂O₂,MW 298.38)的醌式结构赋予其亲电反应活性与氧化还原循环能力。反向靶点筛选结合分子动力学模拟研究鉴定出 6PPD-Q 可靶向结合 CNR2、CNR1、AA2AR、LCAT 与 TRPA1 五类蛋白,其中对CNR2(CB2)的结合亲和力最高,提示其可能作为 CNR2 受体激动剂激活受体信号,进而驱动炎症级联反应。在细胞能量代谢层面,6PPD-Q 可破坏线粒体功能、升高线粒体活性氧(mROS),导致糖酵解代谢物池与三羧酸循环(TCA)中间体水平紊乱。
6PPD-Q(AbMole,M42362)在小鼠原代多巴胺能神经元中,10-100 nM处理 48 h 无明显细胞毒性,但处理 7 天可显著增加 Triton X-100不溶性 α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)水平,加剧 α-syn 预形成纤维(PFF)接种诱导的路易神经突形成,增强 p-α-synSer129 表达并促进其在线粒体中富集;细胞呼吸分析显示神经元储备呼吸与 ATP 关联呼吸显著下降,mROS 清除剂 Mito-TEMPO可减少病理性 p-α-synSer129 累积。靶向代谢组学进一步揭示糖酵解代谢物(果糖-6-磷酸、丙酮酸)整体下降及 TCA 中间体(柠檬酸、α-酮戊二酸)波动。在虹鳟鱼鳃细胞 RTgill-W1 中,20 μg/L 6PPD-Q 即可通过解偶联线粒体电子传递链使细胞耗氧率倍增。
6PPD-Q(CAS No.:2754428-18-5)还能用于小鼠肠道损伤模型。成年 ICR 小鼠经口灌胃环境相关剂量 6PPD-Q(0.1、1、10、100 μg/kg,每日一次,连续 21 天)后,肠道屏障完整性呈剂量依赖性破坏,损伤集中于空肠与回肠,而十二指肠与结肠不受累;10 μg/kg 及以上剂量组 TNF-α、IL-1 与 IL-6 水平显著升高,呈现明显肠道炎症表型,机制研究提示该炎症由 CNR2 激活所介导。在线虫模型中,模拟污染环境浓度下的 6PPD-Q 长期暴露可致运动行为异常与多巴胺能神经退行,并引起肠道通透性升高与 ROS 累积。上述模型为解析环境污染物的肠-神经轴毒性提供了化学工具。
综上,6PPD-Q(AbMole,M42362)作为轮胎源新污染物,凭借 CNR2 高亲和力结合、线粒体功能破坏与 α-syn 聚集加剧的多重分子效应,将环境暴露与肠道炎症、神经退行机制直接关联,同时也是环境毒理学、神经退行性疾病与炎症相关机制研究中不可或缺的模式污染物。
* 本文所述均为科研试剂,仅供科学研究参考
参考文献
[1] Yang Y, et al. Environmentally realistic dose of tire-derived metabolite 6PPD-Q exposure causes intestinal jejunum and ileum damage in mice via cannabinoid receptor-activated inflammation. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 918: 170679.
[2] Fang J, et al. 6PPD-quinone exposure induces neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction to exacerbate Lewy neurites formation induced by α-synuclein preformed fibrils seeding. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 465: 133312.
[3] Mahoney H, et al. Exposure to the tire rubber-derived contaminant 6PPD-quinone causes mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2022, 9(9): 765-771.
[4] Du B, et al. First report on the occurrence of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and 6PPD-quinone as pervasive pollutants in human urine from South China. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2022, 9(12): 1056-1062.
[5] Tian Z, et al. A ubiquitous tire rubber-derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon. Science, 2021, 371(6525): 185-189.
[6] Hua X, et al. Exposure to 6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations causes abnormal locomotion behaviors and neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023, 57(12): 4940-4950.
细胞实验参考
细胞系:Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line
方法:Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 colorimetric assay; intracellular reactive oxygen species level was detected via DCFH-DA fluorescent probe staining; mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay; apoptosis rate was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide flow cytometry; neurotransmitter contents and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined using corresponding commercial assay kits
浓度:10, 50, 100, 200 μg/L
处理时间:24 h for cell viability and apoptosis detection; 12 h for reactive oxygen species measurement and mitochondrial membrane potential assessment
参考文献:Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jul 15;264:115472
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
动物实验参考
动物模型:Male BALB/c mice, 6 weeks old, 6PPD-Q-induced testicular injury model
配制:Dissolved in olive oil for intraperitoneal injection
剂量:4 mg/kg
给药处理:Intraperitoneal injection, administered once every 4 days for 4 consecutive weeks (total 7 administrations); testicular histopathology, sperm quality parameters, serum testosterone concentration and autophagy pathway-related protein expression were analyzed at experimental endpoint
参考文献:Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Feb 15;272:116075
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过超声和(或)加热的方式助溶。切勿一次性将产品全部溶解。

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