论文来源：同济大学肖建庄教授团队论文3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview在线刊出，从期刊主页可以下载   http://www.sustain-dpl.com/picnews.asp?id=155

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

3D打印混凝土部件和结构综述

Abstract: This paper aims to present an overview and explore components or structures suitable for 3D printed concrete. Most traditional structural forms are not well suitable for 3D printed concrete. To be more specific, it cannot fully consider the characteristics and advantages of 3D printing such as individualization and digitalization. Several 3D-printing-specific structure forms (including hollow form, tree form, arch form, and structure-functional form) are classified and the relevant successful cases are demonstrated. Moreover, the application potential of 3D printed concrete structures is illustrated and the limitations as well as the solutions for the application of 3D printed concrete in practical projects are also summarized. Based on the classification of different reinforcement materials, several reinforcement methods are intensively discussed for 3D printed concrete including steel bars, fibers and other reinforcement materials. The comparison of economic and environmental benefits between 3D concrete printing technology and traditional construction method is discussed respectively. Finally, the expected evolution of 3D printed structures is put forward and recommended.

摘要：本文旨在综述并探索适用于3D打印混凝土的部件或结构。大多数传统结构形式不适合用3D打印混凝土制造。具体来说，不能充分考虑3D打印的个性化、数字化等特点和优势。对几种3D打印特有的结构形式（包括中空、树形、拱形、结构-功能形）进行分类，并展示了相关的成功案例。此外，还阐述了3D打印混凝土结构的应用潜力，并总结了3D打印混凝土在实际项目中应用的局限性和解决方案。根据不同增强材料的分类，深入讨论了3D打印混凝土的几种增强方法，包括钢筋、纤维和其他增强材料。分别讨论了混凝土3D打印技术与传统施工方法的经济效益和环境效益的比较。最后，提出并推荐了3D打印结构的预期发展。

Keywords: 3D printed concrete; component form; structure; reinforcement method; application

关键词：3D打印混凝土；部件形式；结构；加固方法；应用

Conclusion：Although limited by many factors such as reinforcement methods currently, 3D printed concrete structure presents great potential. The key of engineering application is mix optimization, reinforcement methods, and safety design of components and structures. The aim of the mix optimization is to reduce the carbon emissions of 3D printed concrete by introducing other admixtures to reduce the amount of cement, using light-weight aggregates or recycled aggregates. Reinforcements are critical to guarantee the safety of 3D printed structures. Besides, component and structure design method based on bearing capacity and reliability is also an important research direction in the future.

结论：尽管目前受到加固方法等诸多因素限制，3D打印混凝土结构具有巨大潜力。工程应用的关键是配比优化、增强方法以及构件和结构安全设计。配比优化的目的是通过引入其他外加剂来减少水泥用量、使用轻质骨料或再生骨料，实现减少3D打印混凝土的碳排放。钢筋对于保证3D打印结构的安全性至关重要。此外，基于承载力和可靠性的构件和结构设计方法也是未来的一个重要研究方向。