How does cancer spread?

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/181210091030.htm

2018年12月11日 exosomes.mp3

This news reported an article pubulished in Molecura & Cellular proteomics whose impact factor is 5.2 in 2018 by a team of scientists at the Research Institute of the McGill University HealthCentre (RI-MUHC). It talked about how cancer spread.

It is a research focusing on gliobalastoma 胶质母细胞瘤 (also called glioblastoma multiforme 多形性成胶质细胞瘤) which is most prevalent in adults aged 45 to 75 and has one of the poorest survival rates of any cancer. Scientists pinpoint an oncogene called EGFRvIII that triggers cancer and aslo makes the cells ‘speak a different language’. This was detected by detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) orexosomes, which owns tiny bubble-like structures, can be detected in blood samples and are already being used to diagnose cancers. Exosomes functionas messages being shuttled between cells. One single cancer-causing gene, EGFRvIII, may changed hundreds of proteinspresent in EVs, completely atering the messages that these cells send to one another.That is the reason why we say EGFRvIII makes the cells ‘speak a different language’.

The study on exosomes are very hot now. This research holds a great deal of promise for scientists looking for ways to stop the spread of cancer by blocking EVs fromtransmitting messages between cancer cells. The EV-associated proteins discovered by Dr. Rak's team could be used to develop tests and tailored treatments for patients with glioblastoma in the future.

Phrases and vocabulary

pinpoint a gene--EGFRvIII

crucial, yet so far unanswered question

glioblastoma /,ɡlaɪblæ'stomə/-- a highly aggressive form of brain cancer 胶质母细胞瘤

cancer-causing genes（oncogenes）；triggers cancer；invade tissues ormetastasize/mə'tæstəsaɪz/

tiny bubble-like structures called extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes

Blocking cell-to-cellcommunication

function as messages being shuttled between cells

interpret this as a signal

completely altering the messages

holds a great deal of promise for scientists looking for ways to

release or receive

develop future therapies；develop tests and tailored treatments for patients