背景回顾：Potato is the third most important staple food crop. To address challenges associated with global food security, a hybrid potato breeding system, aimed at converting potato from a tuber-propagated tetraploid crop into a seed-propagated diploid crop through crossing inbred lines, is under development. 

提出问题：However, given that most diploid potatoes are self-incompatible, this represents a major obstacle which needs to be addressed in order to develop inbred lines. 

主要发现：Here, we report on a self-compatible diploid potato, RH89-039-16 (RH), which can efficiently induce a mating transition from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility, when crossed to self-incompatible lines.

结果1-关键基因：We identify the S-locusinhibitor (Sli) gene in RH, capable of interacting with multiple allelic variants of the pistil-specific S-ribonucleases (S-RNases). 

结果2-作用机制：Further, Sli gene functions like a general S-RNase inhibitor, to impart SC to RH and other self-incompatible potatoes. 

结论：Discovery of Sli now offers a path forward for the diploid hybrid breeding program.

 摘 要 

马铃薯是第三大主食作物。为了应对全球粮食安全相关方面的挑战，正在开发一种杂交马铃薯育种系统，旨在通过自交系间的杂交将马铃薯从块茎繁殖的四倍体作物转化为种子繁殖的二倍体作物。然而，由于大多数二倍体马铃薯是自交不亲和的，这是开发马铃薯自交系亟需解决的一个主要障碍。本文中，作者报道了一个自交亲和的二倍体马铃薯（RH89-039-16，简写RH），将其与自交不亲和系杂交，能有效地诱导自交不亲和向自交亲和的交配转变。作者进一步鉴定了RH中的Sli基因，该基因能够与雌蕊特异性S-核糖核酸酶的多个等位基因变体发生相互作用。此外，Sli基因的功能类似于一般的S-RNase抑制剂，将自交亲和赋予给RH和其他自交不亲和的马铃薯。Sli的发现为马铃薯的二倍体杂交育种提供了一条前进之路。