博文
Insect Frontiers, January 2010 Volume 2 Number 1
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Insect Pathology
Sigma viruses from three species of Drosophila form a major new clade in the rhabdovirus phylogeny
The sigma virus (DMelSV), which is a natural pathogen of Drosophila melanogaster, is the only Drosophila-specific rhabdovirus that has been described. We have discovered two new rhabdoviruses, D. obscura and D. affinis, which we have named DObsSV and DAffSV, respectively. We sequenced the complete genomes of DObsSV and DMelSV, and the L gene from DAffSV. Combining these data with sequences from a wide range of other rhabdoviruses, we found that the three sigma viruses form a distinct clade which is a sister group to the Dimarhabdovirus supergroup, and the high levels of divergence between these viruses suggest that they deserve to be recognized as a new genus. Furthermore, our analysis produced the most robustly supported phylogeny of the Rhabdoviridae to date, allowing us to reconstruct the major transitions that have occurred during the evolution of the family. Our data suggest that the bias towards research into plants and vertebrates means that much of the diversity of rhabdoviruses has been missed, and rhabdoviruses may be common pathogens of insects.
Proc. R. Soc. B 7 January 2010 vol. 277 no. 167835-44 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1678/35.abstract
Insect Review
Ecological speciation in phytophagous insects
Kei W. Matsubayashi 1 , Issei Ohshima 2 & Patrik Nosil 3,4* patrik.nosil@colorado.edu
1 Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan , 2 Department of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan , 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA , and 4 Wissenschaftskolleg, Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, 14193, Germany
Divergent natural selection has been shown to promote speciation in a wide range of taxa. For example, adaptation to different ecological environments, via divergent selection, can result in the evolution of reproductive incompatibility between populations. Phytophagous insects have been at the forefront of these investigations of 'ecological speciation' and it is clear that adaptation to different host plants can promote insect speciation. However, much remains unknown. For example, there is abundant variability in the extent to which divergent selection promotes speciation, the sources of divergent selection, the types of reproductive barriers involved, and the genetic basis of divergent adaptation. We review these factors here. Several findings emerge, including the observation that although numerous different sources of divergent selection and reproductive isolation can be involved in insect speciation, their order of evolution and relative importance are poorly understood. Another finding is that the genetic basis of host preference and performance can involve loci of major effect and opposing dominance, factors which might facilitate speciation in the face of gene flow. In addition, we raise a number of other recent issues relating to phytophagous insect speciation, such as alternatives to ecological speciation, the geography of speciation, and the molecular signatures of speciation. Throughout, we aim to both synthesize what is known, as well as highlight areas where future work is especially needed.
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Volume 134 Issue 1, Pages 1 - 27
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122636830/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0Insect Frontiers
Insect Frontiers, January 2010 Vol 2 No1 PDF final
Insect Frontiers, December 2009 Volume 1 Number2 http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=274511
Insect Frontiers, November 2009 Volume 1 Number 1 http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=270398
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-278346-276422.html
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