量子场论从量子力学中继承了波粒二象性，也就是点粒子图像，丢失了物理自旋角动量和磁场。

规范本来是一个人为标准，不是物理实在，那么规范变换究竟是什么？

量子力学将自旋和磁场抽象掉了，用g因子弥补，但是方向没了，再用规范场SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)，也就是各种旋转来弥补。

这跟地心说的均轮上面不停加本轮有什么差别？

标准模型一直没有修正量子力学早起发展带来的各种错误概念和缺陷，反而将缺陷神圣化，禁止讨论(shut up)，最终物理图像完全脱离现实(reality)，越来越抽象，成为抽象数学的炫技平台。

令人惊奇的是，在科学启蒙之后，在长达一百年的时间里，科学界居然在最重要最基础的科学分支上，精确复刻了托勒密时代到中世纪的错误，用越来越复杂的计算来掩盖基础模型的缺陷，拒绝反思，猎巫质疑者，实在值得深思。

相关文章如下：

量子神秘性错误的演化链条

规范变换还是磁矩方向选择？

波粒二象性的恶果

点粒子模型的角动量危机：当物理学失去了根基

质子：粒子模型危机范例

Quantum field theory inherited wave–particle duality—and thus the point-particle picture—from quantum mechanics, thereby discarding the physical interpretation of spin angular momentum and magnetic fields.

Gauge symmetry was originally merely a human-chosen convention, not a physical reality—so what, then, is a gauge transformation truly?

Quantum mechanics abstracted away both spin and its associated magnetic field, patching the gap with an ad hoc g-factor. But in doing so, it lost directional physicality—and then attempted to compensate by introducing gauge fields based on SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1), i.e., various abstract "rotations" in internal spaces.

How is this any different from the Ptolemaic system, where epicycles were endlessly added onto deferents to preserve a flawed geocentric model?

The Standard Model has never corrected the erroneous concepts and foundational flaws inherited from the early development of quantum mechanics. Instead, it has sanctified these defects, enforcing a culture of silence ("shut up and calculate") that forbids critical discussion. Consequently, the physical picture has become entirely detached from reality, growing ever more abstract until it has degenerated into a showcase for abstract mathematical virtuosity.

Remarkably, despite the scientific enlightenment, for over a century the scientific community—in its most fundamental and important branch—has precisely replicated the errors of the Ptolemaic era through the Middle Ages: masking deep flaws in the foundational model with ever more complex calculations, refusing introspection, and even persecuting those who dare to question the orthodoxy. This demands serious reflection.

Relevant articles are listed below:

The Proton: A Paradigm of the Point-Particle Model Crisis

The Angular Momentum Crisis of the Point-Particle Model: When Physics Loses Its Foundation

The Pernicious Consequences of Wave-Particle Duality

Gauge Transformation or Magnetic Moment Orientation Selection?

The Erroneous Evolutionary Chain of Quantum "Mystery"