硬件：台式 PC 机，Intel Core i7 2600K，原带有Windows 7 操作系统 （C盘）
Linux：Ubuntu 11.10 中文版
编译器：gfortran, gcc, g++
MPI：mpich2
Siesta：2.0.2 版本

主要参考文献：

1. 详细的一份安装指导：
http://www.mail-archive.com/siesta-l@listserv.uam.es/msg02329/mini-howto.pdf
2. 科学网，刘华的博文
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=414779&do=blog&id=311543

【详细的安装过程】

1. 安装 Ubuntu 11.10 中文版
在 Windows 7 下用 Wubi 方式安装到 F 盘。

2. 一些基本程序的安装

在 Ubuntu 图形界面下，运行 terminal。（不要 Ctrl-Alt-F1，否则中文显示有问题，并且无法使用 gedit 等软件来编辑文本）

默认是进入自己的家目录（~/）下，我的是 /home/kanhao

先建立两个子目录

mkdir sourcecode
mkdir lib

分别存放源码，以及将来编译好的数学库文件。数学库文件也可以使用系统默认的路径，比如 /usr/lib/。

下面安装 g++ 以及 gfortran

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install gfortran

3. 安装 mpich2

到 http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/index.php?s=downloads 下载最新版的 mpich2
解压缩到 ~/sourcecode/mpich2

cd ~/sourcecode/mpich2/
./configure --prefix=/opt/mpich2 --enable-fc CC=/usr/bin/gcc CXX=/usr/bin/g++ FC=/usr/bin/gfortran F77=/usr/bin/gfortran FCFLAGS="-O2 -march=corei7-avx" CFLAGS="-O2 -march=corei7-avx"
make
sudo make install
export PATH=/opt/mpich2/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/mpich2/lib:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

参数说明：--prefix 就是欲安装的路径，这里装到 /opt/mpich2/ 下面。--enable-fc 要求生成 fortran 编译器，但其实不加它也一样。CC，CXX，FC，F77等指定了 C，C++ 和 Fortran 的编译器的绝对地址。

FLAGS：这里只是指明 CPU 为 Intel Core i7。
怎样获得自己 CPU 合适的 C/Fortran FLAGS呢？
就是要先运行

echo "" | gcc -march=native -v -E - 2>&1 | grep cc1

我这里的结果是：

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6.1/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultilib . -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu - -march=corei7-avx -mcx16 -msahf -mno-movbe -maes -mpclmul -mpopcnt -mno-abm -mno-lwp -mno-fma -mno-fma4 -mno-xop -mno-bmi -mno-tbm -mavx -msse4.2 -msse4.1 --param l1-cache-size=32 --param l1-cache-line-size=64 --param l2-cache-size=8192 -mtune=corei7-avx -fstack-protector

一大串，关键词是：corei7-avx

按照以上脚本，用 gfortran 和 gcc/g++ 编译好的 mpich2 的可执行文件位于

/opt/mpich2/bin

中。

4. 安装 blas 和 lapack

下载 lapack 3.4.0
http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lapack-3.4.0.tgz

解压缩到 ~/sourcecode/lapack-3.4.0

cd ~/sourcecode/lapack-3.4.0
cp INSTALL/make.inc.gfortran ./make.inc
gedit make.inc

在头部关于编译器选择的一大块，用以下代换：

FORTRAN  = /usr/bin/gfortran
OPTS     = -O2 -march=corei7-avx
DRVOPTS  = \$(OPTS)
NOOPT    = -O2 -march=corei7-avx
LOADER   = /usr/bin/gfortran
LOADOPTS =

保存关闭。然后执行

make blaslib
make lapacklib

blas 比较容易编译。lapack 则一定要设置正确，如上所述。

编译好以后，将 librefblas.a 和 liblapack.a 拷贝到 ~/lib 下面，然后

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/kanhao/lib:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

5. 安装 BLACS

下载 BLACS 的 tarball 并解压缩到 ~/sourcecode/BLACS
要注意选择 mpi 版本的 BLACS
比如： http://www.netlib.org/blacs/mpiblacs.tgz

cd ~/sourcecode/BLACS/
gedit Bmake.inc

复制以下内容并保存。其中的 FLAGS (有关 Intel Core i7 的部分) 应该根据自己的 CPU 而修改。


#=========================================================
#============ SECTION 1: PATHS AND LIBRARIES =============
#=========================================================
#  The following macros specify the name and location of libraries required by
#  the BLACS and its tester.
#=========================================================
 
#  --------------------------------------
#  Make sure we've got a consistent shell
#  --------------------------------------
  SHELL = /bin/sh

#  -----------------------------
#  The top level BLACS directory
#  -----------------------------
  BTOPdir = /home/kanhao/sourcecode/BLACS

#  -----------------------------------------------------------------
#  The communication library your BLACS have been written for.
#  Known choices (and the machines they run on) are:
#
#     COMMLIB   MACHINE
#     .......   ..............................................................
#     CMMD      Thinking Machine's CM-5
#     MPI       Wide variety of systems
#     MPL       IBM's SP series (SP1 and SP2)
#     NX        Intel's supercomputer series (iPSC2, iPSC/860, DELTA, PARAGON)
#     PVM       Most unix machines; See PVM User's Guide for details
#  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  COMMLIB = MPI

#  -------------------------------------------------------------
#  The platform identifier to suffix to the end of library names
#  -------------------------------------------------------------
  PLAT = LINUX

#  ----------------------------------------------------------
#  Name and location of the BLACS library.  See section 2 for
#  details on BLACS debug level (BLACSDBGLVL).
#  ----------------------------------------------------------
  BLACSdir    = \$(BTOPdir)/LIB
  BLACSDBGLVL = 0
  BLACSFINIT  = \$(BLACSdir)/blacsF77init_\$(COMMLIB)-\$(PLAT)-\$(BLACSDBGLVL).a
  BLACSCINIT  = \$(BLACSdir)/blacsCinit_\$(COMMLIB)-\$(PLAT)-\$(BLACSDBGLVL).a
  BLACSLIB    = \$(BLACSdir)/blacs_\$(COMMLIB)-\$(PLAT)-\$(BLACSDBGLVL).a

#  -------------------------------------
#  Name and location of the MPI library.
#  -------------------------------------
  MPIdir = /opt/mpich2/
  MPILIBdir = \$(MPIdir)/lib/
  MPIINCdir = \$(MPIdir)/include
  MPILIB = \$(MPILIBdir)/libmpichf90.a

#  -------------------------------------
#  All libraries required by the tester.
#  -------------------------------------
  BTLIBS = \$(BLACSFINIT) \$(BLACSLIB) \$(BLACSFINIT) \$(MPILIB)

#  ----------------------------------------------------------------
#  The directory to put the installation help routines' executables
#  ----------------------------------------------------------------
  INSTdir = \$(BTOPdir)/INSTALL/EXE

#  ------------------------------------------------
#  The name and location of the tester's executable
#  ------------------------------------------------
  TESTdir = \$(BTOPdir)/TESTING/EXE
  FTESTexe = \$(TESTdir)/xFbtest_\$(COMMLIB)-\$(PLAT)-\$(BLACSDBGLVL)
  CTESTexe = \$(TESTdir)/xCbtest_\$(COMMLIB)-\$(PLAT)-\$(BLACSDBGLVL)
#=========================================================
#===================== End SECTION 1 =====================
#=========================================================
 

#=========================================================
#=============== SECTION 2: BLACS INTERNALS ==============
#=========================================================
#  The following macro definitions set preprocessor values for the BLACS.
#  The file Bconfig.h sets these values if they are not set by the makefile.
#  User's compiling only the tester can skip this entire section.
#  NOTE: The MPI defaults have been set for MPICH.
#=========================================================

#  -------------------------------------------------------------
#  The directory to find the required communication library include files,
#  if they are required by your system.
#  -------------------------------------------------------------
  SYSINC = -I\$(MPIINCdir)

#  -----------------------------------------------------------------
#  The Fortran 77 to C interface to be used.  If you are unsure of the correct
#  setting for your platform, compile and run BLACS/INSTALL/xintface.
#  Choices are: Add_, NoChange, UpCase, or f77IsF2C.
#  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  INTFACE = -Df77IsF2C

#  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Allows the user to vary the topologies that the BLACS default topologies
#  (TOP = ' ') correspond to.  If you wish to use a particular topology
#  (as opposed to letting the BLACS make the choice), uncomment the
#  following macros, and replace the character in single quotes with the
#  topology of your choice.
#  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  DEFBSTOP   = -DDefBSTop="'1'"
#  DEFCOMBTOP = -DDefCombTop="'1'"

#  -------------------------------------------------------------------
#  If your MPI_Send is locally-blocking, substitute the following line
#  for the empty macro definition below.
#  SENDIS = -DSndIsLocBlk
#  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  SENDIS =

#  --------------------------------------------------------------------
#  If your MPI handles packing of non-contiguous messages by copying to
#  another buffer or sending extra bytes, better performance may be
#  obtained by replacing the empty macro definition below with the
#  macro definition on the following line.
#  BUFF = -DNoMpiBuff
#  --------------------------------------------------------------------
  BUFF =

#  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#  If you know something about your system, you may make it easier for the
#  BLACS to translate between C and fortran communicators.  If the empty
#  macro defininition is left alone, this translation will cause the C
#  BLACS to globally block for MPI_COMM_WORLD on calls to BLACS_GRIDINIT
#  and BLACS_GRIDMAP.  If you choose one of the options for translating
#  the context, neither the C or fortran calls will globally block.
#  If you are using MPICH, or a derivitive system, you can replace the
#  empty macro definition below with the following (note that if you let
#  MPICH do the translation between C and fortran, you must also indicate
#  here if your system has pointers that are longer than integers.  If so,
#  define -DPOINTER_64_BITS=1.)  For help on setting TRANSCOMM, you can
#  run BLACS/INSTALL/xtc_CsameF77 and BLACS/INSTALL/xtc_UseMpich as
#  explained in BLACS/INSTALL/README.
#   TRANSCOMM = -DUseMpich
#
#  If you know that your MPI uses the same handles for fortran and C
#  communicators, you can replace the empty macro definition below with
#  the macro definition on the following line.
 TRANSCOMM = -DCSameF77
#  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#  TRANSCOMM =

#  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  You may choose to have the BLACS internally call either the C or Fortran77
#  interface to MPI by varying the following macro.  If TRANSCOMM is left
#  empty, the C interface BLACS_GRIDMAP/BLACS_GRIDINIT will globally-block if
#  you choose to use the fortran internals, and the fortran interface will
#  block if you choose to use the C internals.  It is recommended that the
#  user leave this macro definition blank, unless there is a strong reason
#  to prefer one MPI interface over the other.
#  WHATMPI = -DUseF77Mpi
#  WHATMPI = -DUseCMpi
#  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  WHATMPI =

#  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Some early versions of MPICH and its derivatives cannot handle user defined
#  zero byte data types.  If your system has this problem (compile and run
#  BLACS/INSTALL/xsyserrors to check if unsure), replace the empty macro
#  definition below with the macro definition on the following line.
#  SYSERRORS = -DZeroByteTypeBug
#  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SYSERRORS =

#  ------------------------------------------------------------------
#  These macros set the debug level for the BLACS.  The fastest
#  code is produced by BlacsDebugLvl 0.  Higher levels provide
#  more debug information at the cost of performance.  Present levels
#  of debug are:
#  0 : No debug information
#  1 : Mainly parameter checking.
#  --------------------------------------------------------------
  DEBUGLVL = -DBlacsDebugLvl=\$(BLACSDBGLVL)

#  ---------------------------------------------------------------
#  All BLACS definitions needed for compile (DEFS1 contains definitions used
#  by all BLACS versions).
#  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  DEFS1 = -DSYSINC \$(SYSINC) \$(INTFACE) \$(DEFBSTOP) \$(DEFCOMBTOP) \$(DEBUGLVL)
  BLACSDEFS = \$(DEFS1) \$(SENDIS) \$(BUFF) \$(TRANSCOMM) \$(WHATMPI) \$(SYSERRORS)
#=========================================================
#===================== End SECTION 2 =====================
#=========================================================
 

#=========================================================
#================= SECTION 3: COMPILERS ==================
#=========================================================
#  The following macros specify compilers, linker/loaders, the archiver,
#  and their options.  Some of the fortran files need to be compiled with no
#  optimization.  This is the F77NO_OPTFLAG.  The usage of the remaining
#  macros should be obvious from the names.
#=========================================================
  F77            = /opt/mpich2/bin/mpif77
  F77NO_OPTFLAGS = -O0
  F77FLAGS       = -O2 -march=corei7-avx
  F77LOADER      = \$(F77)
  F77LOADFLAGS   =
  CC             = /opt/mpich2/bin/mpicc
  CCFLAGS        = -O2 -march=corei7-avx
  CCLOADER       = \$(CC)
  CCLOADFLAGS    =

#  ----------------------------------------------------------------
#  The archiver and the flag(s) to use when building an archive (library).
#  Also the ranlib routine.  If your system has no ranlib, set RANLIB = echo.
#  ----------------------------------------------------------------
  ARCH      = ar
  ARCHFLAGS = r
  RANLIB    = ranlib

#=========================================================
#===================== End SECTION 3 =====================
#=========================================================


然后执行：

make mpi

最后把 ./LIB 子目录下面产生的3个 ".a" 文件拷贝到 ~/lib/ 下面

6. 安装 scalapack

下载 scalapack 2.0.1
http://www.netlib.org/scalapack/scalapack-2.0.1.tgz

解压缩到 ~/sourcecode/scalapack-2.0.1

cd ~/sourcecode/scalapack-2.0.1
gedit SLmake.inc

复制以下内容并保存

##################################################################
#
#  Program:         ScaLAPACK
#
#  Module:          SLmake.inc
#
#  Purpose:         Top-level Definitions
#
#  Creation date:   February 15, 2000
#
#  Modified:        October 13, 2011
#
#  Send bug reports, comments or suggestions to scalapack@cs.utk.edu
#
##################################################################
#
#  C preprocessor definitions:  set CDEFS to one of the following:
#
#     -DNoChange (fortran subprogram names are lower case without any suffix)
#     -DUpCase   (fortran subprogram names are upper case without any suffix)
#     -DAdd_     (fortran subprogram names are lower case with "_" appended)

CDEFS         = -DAdd_

#
#  The fortran and C compilers, loaders, and their flags
#

FC            = /opt/mpich2/bin/mpif77
CC            = /opt/mpich2/bin/mpicc
NOOPT         = -O0
FCFLAGS       = -O2 -march=corei7-avx
CCFLAGS       = -O2 -march=corei7-avx
FCLOADER      = \$(FC)
CCLOADER      = \$(CC)
FCLOADFLAGS   = \$(FCFLAGS)
CCLOADFLAGS   = \$(CCFLAGS)

#
#  The archiver and the flag(s) to use when building archive (library)
#  Also the ranlib routine.  If your system has no ranlib, set RANLIB = echo
#

ARCH          = ar
ARCHFLAGS     = cr
RANLIB        = ranlib

#
#  The name of the ScaLAPACK library to be created
#

SCALAPACKLIB  = libscalapack.a

#
#  BLAS, LAPACK (and possibly other) libraries needed for linking test programs
#

BLASLIB       = /home/kanhao/lib/librefblas.a
LAPACKLIB     = /home/kanhao/lib/liblapack.a
LIBS          = \$(LAPACKLIB) \$(BLASLIB)

其中注意根据自己的 CPU 修改 -march=corei7-avx 以及家目录的路径。各个编译器以及库文件都要指定绝对路径，以免编译的时候找不到。

然后

make

将编译好的 libscalapack.a 拷贝到 ~/lib/ 下面。

7. 安装 Siesta 2.0.2

到 http://www.icmab.es/dmmis/leem/siesta/CodeAccess/selector.html 下载 Siesta 2.0.2 的源代码，解压缩到 ~/sourcecode/siesta-2.0.2

cd ~/sourcecode/siesta-2.0.2/Src/
./configure --enable-mpi FC=/opt/mpich2/bin/mpif90

以上的两个参数很重要，在 configure 的时候务必加上，保证将来编译的时候不出错。

将 ./ 下生成的 arch.make 文件用 gedit 打开：

gedit arch.make

修改一些编译器的路径，改为绝对路径。具体来说，我的 arch.make 修改为：

#
# This file is part of the SIESTA package.
#
# Copyright (c) Fundacion General Universidad Autonoma de Madrid:
# E.Artacho, J.Gale, A.Garcia, J.Junquera, P.Ordejon, D.Sanchez-Portal
# and J.M.Soler, 1996-2006.
#
# Use of this software constitutes agreement with the full conditions
# given in the SIESTA license, as signed by all legitimate users.
#
.SUFFIXES:
.SUFFIXES: .f .F .o .a .f90 .F90

SIESTA_ARCH=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu--unknown

FPP=
FPP_OUTPUT=
FC=/opt/mpich2/bin/mpif90
RANLIB=ranlib

SYS=nag

SP_KIND=4
DP_KIND=8
KINDS=\$(SP_KIND) \$(DP_KIND)

FFLAGS=-g -O2
FPPFLAGS= -DMPI -DFC_HAVE_FLUSH -DFC_HAVE_ABORT
LDFLAGS=

ARFLAGS_EXTRA=

FCFLAGS_fixed_f=
FCFLAGS_free_f90=
FPPFLAGS_fixed_F=
FPPFLAGS_free_F90=

HOME_LIB=/home/kanhao/lib
BLAS_LIBS=\$(HOME_LIB)/librefblas.a
LAPACK_LIBS=\$(HOME_LIB)/liblapack.a
BLACS_LIBS=\$(HOME_LIB)/blacsCinit_MPI-LINUX-0.a \$(HOME_LIB)/blacsF77init_MPI-LINUX-0.a \$(HOME_LIB)/blacs_MPI-LINUX-0.a
SCALAPACK_LIBS=\$(HOME_LIB)/libscalapack.a

COMP_LIBS=dc_lapack.a liblapack.a libblas.a

NETCDF_LIBS=
NETCDF_INTERFACE=

LIBS=\$(SCALAPACK_LIBS) \$(BLACS_LIBS) \$(LAPACK_LIBS) \$(BLAS_LIBS) \$(NETCDF_LIBS)

#SIESTA needs an F90 interface to MPI
#This will give you SIESTA's own implementation
#If your compiler vendor offers an alternative, you may change
#to it here.
MPI_INTERFACE=libmpi_f90.a
MPI_INCLUDE=.
MPI_LIB=/opt/mpich2/lib
DEFS_MPI=-DMPI

#Dependency rules are created by autoconf according to whether
#discrete preprocessing is necessary or not.
.F.o:
   \$(FC) -c \$(FFLAGS) \$(INCFLAGS) \$(FPPFLAGS) \$(FPPFLAGS_fixed_F)  \$<
.F90.o:
   \$(FC) -c \$(FFLAGS) \$(INCFLAGS) \$(FPPFLAGS) \$(FPPFLAGS_free_F90) \$<
.f.o:
   \$(FC) -c \$(FFLAGS) \$(INCFLAGS) \$(FCFLAGS_fixed_f)  \$<
.f90.o:
   \$(FC) -c \$(FFLAGS) \$(INCFLAGS) \$(FCFLAGS_free_f90)  \$<


这里尤其注意

MPI_INTERFACE=libmpi_f90.a
MPI_INCLUDE=.

这两个 MPI interface 的设置。不要使用自己生成的 mpich2 路径下的文件，而要采用 Siesta 2.0.2 自带的库文件。但所有的数学库都采用刚刚编译好的 ~/lib/ 下面的那些文件。

make

大功告成！ 尝试

./siesta

如果显示类似：

Siesta Version: siesta-2.0.2
Architecture  : x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu--unknown
Compiler flags: /opt/mpich2/bin/mpif90 -g -O2
PARALLEL version

* Running in serial mode with MPI

其中含有 PARALLEL version，则说明已经并行化。按 Ctrl-C 退出运行。

sudo cp ./siesta /usr/local/bin/

将编译好的二进制文件拷贝到自己想要安装的路径下，比如 /usr/local/bin/

运行 Siesta 的时候，比如在 ~/ 下面建立一个 sample 目录，并将 fdf 文件命名为 in.fdf，将赝势文件 (.psf) 也拷贝进来，则

cd ~/sample/
mpiexec -np 8 siesta < in.fdf | tee log.txt

则以 8 个线程运行，屏幕内容输出到 log.txt 文件。

为了下次登陆的时候有合适的环境变量，还需要执行

gedit ~/.bashrc

加入两行：

export PATH=/opt/mpich2/bin:\$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/mpich2/lib:/home/kanhao/lib:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

保存即可。