留影362年前Chappaqua NY居民点标志碑

黄安年文 黄安年的博客/2015年10月12日晚上美东时间; 13日早晨北京时间发布

今天下午我们专程漫步来到位于Quaker Road 和Chappaqua MT Rd.交汇点的1753年旧Chappaqua NY 居民点标志碑处驻足良久,把我们的思绪回溯到三个半世纪多以前,那时这里还是印第安人部落居住地,历经三个半世纪以上连续不断的外来移民来到这里,欧洲白人及其后裔及以后的西裔、亚裔、非洲裔等种族纷纷落户Chappaqua，这里已经成为闻名全国的著名城镇，尤其是克林顿、希拉里夫妇入住Chappaqua使得越来越多人了解Chappaqua。

美国是一个外来移民的国家,但是并非对所有人都是自由开放的,现在这里印第安人已经不见踪影，尽管Chappaqua的镇名就是取自印第安部落的名字。Chappaqua的房产税很高,但是这里很少有非洲裔人入住。

照片5张,拍自现场。

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1753年旧ChappaquaNY居民点标志碑

黄安年文 黄安年的博客/2015年10月7日上午美东时间; 晚上北京时间发布

还在美国独立革命前夕，Chappaqua NY已经相当的活跃，就有一些名人在这里活动或居住。对于这些历史遗址，美国是非常重视保存和维护的。今天早晨，我从Chappaqua NY车站通往QuakerRoad (New York StateRoute 120)交叉路口沿着专门的人行道行走,走到临近Marcourt Dr和ChappaquaMountain Road三角地的1753年旧Chappaqua NY居民点标志碑。这里是距今362年的最早一批定居在ChappaquaNY的居民点。相距现在的Chappaqua镇中心地也就是步行20分钟左右的路程。

由于美国独立战争的战场之一的NorthWhite plains 和这里的距离较远，在美国内战中这里也没有波及，三个半世纪以来，这里的民宅保存完好。

照片4张是今天早上拍摄的。

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Old Chappaqua Historic District

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The Old Chappaqua Historic District islocated along Quaker Road (New York StateRoute 120) in the townof New Castle,New York, United States, between thehamletsof Chappaqua andMillwood. Itwas the original center ofChappaqua, prior to the construction of the Harlem ValleyRailroad and the erection of its stationto the south in the mid-19thcentury. In 1974 it was recognized as a historicdistrict and listed on the NationalRegister of Historic Places.^[1]

What is today Chappaqua was firstsettledaround 1740 by a group of Quakers from Long Island.They built the still-used meeting house,the oldest known building in thetown,^[3] around which the district centered a decade later.Theother contributingproperties, all timber framebuildings up and down the road oneither side near the meeting house, are thesurviving buildings from some ofthe farms established then and later. They havebeen preserved intact from thattime.

Geography

The district begins on the west side of the road, approximately 0.6 mi(1 km) north of downtown Chappaqua and the Saw Mill River Parkway interchange, at 332Quaker Road, justopposite Commodore Road. It follows the south line of that lot, thenaline consistent with the west line of that lot through Fair Ridge Cemetery up to 478 Quaker, then turns100 ft (30 m) to follow the north line and cross the road totake in485 Quaker. It turns south at the lot corner to create a corridor 450feet(140 m) widewith the road at the center south back to 385 Quaker, justnorth of ChappaquaMountain Road, where it returns west to the road andcontinues back to itssouthern boundary.^[2]

The terrain is hilly, forcing the road through some gentle curves asitpasses through the district. Despite the extensive residential developmentinthe area, it is still heavily wooded, with many tall trees shading thehousesand few clearings. Streams in the area drain into the SawMill River,which rises in the woods to the east. Quaker  Road climbs approximate 140 feet(43 m) from south to north through thedistrict.^[4]

Marker at Chappaqua Mountain   Road intersection

Within this boundary, along a 0.6-mile (1 km) stretch of Quaker, are33 acres (13 ha) with 30 buildings, half of which are contributing properties. All of them, whethercontributing ornot, are wood frame houses of two to three stories with gabled roofs. Thoseof moremodern construction are sympathetic to their historic neighbors. Exceptfor themeeting house, all are still used as residences. In the middle of asmall grassyisland at the Chappaqua Mountain Roadintersection is arock with a commemorative plaque to the district attached.^[2]

History

Quakers,fleeingreligious persecution in England as Dissenters, settled in British colonies duringthe 17thcentury. One group established a meetingon LongIsland in1645. By the early 18th century their offshoots had crossed LongIsland Soundto Westchester County, where theyestablished Mamaroneck and Purchase by 1727.^[2]

In 1730, further offshoots of those groups moved further inland, toWampusPond (now Armonk) and "Shapequaw". Ten years laterone of them,John Reynolds, established a 100-acre (40 ha) farm thatincluded the area of the future district,along Quaker Road from Kipp Street to Roaring Brook Road. By 1747 therewereenough Quakers in Shapequaw that they began petitioning the Purchasemeeting toestablish their own. Permission was granted shortly thereafter, andReynoldsdonated two of his acres (8,100 m²) to the group so itcould build a meetinghouse and burial ground.^[2]

The meeting house

By 1753 the meeting house was finished. In1776 itwould serve as a hospital for ContinentalArmysoldiers injured at the nearby Battle of White Plains.^[2] Two years later a wing was built on it.^[2]

The original Reynolds farm was eventually subdivided.Otherfarmers, like Samuel Allen and Elnathan Thorn, built houses near themeetinghouse. By 1825 the area had become the community of what was now knownasChappaqua.^[2] The residents were largely self-sufficientfarmerswith side businesses as craftsmen.^[3]

That ended with the construction of the Harlem Valley Railroad (still in use todayas Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line) in 1846. It followed therivervalley, and so the station was built a mile (1.6 km) southof the meeting house. Gradually that area becamedeveloped and grew into thedowntown Chappaqua that exists today. Allen built acouple of small housesacross the road from the meeting house, and cabinetmakerHenryDodge built a large house at what is today 386 Quaker, moving the olderThornhouse in the process. That was the last development in the districtrelated tothe original Quaker settlers and their families.^[2]

As the railroad spurred the suburbanizationofnorthern Westchester in the later 19th andearly20th centuries, the meeting house and associated farm buildings remainedin use.However, the economy changed. With the railroad close by, the farmersswitchedto growing cash crops forthe New  York Citymarket, and sold some of their largerlandholdings.^[3]

Some buildings, such as the outbuildings on the Thorn–Dodge property, weredestroyed by the 1904 tornado. New construction in thedistrict did notreplace any of the historic structures. In 1961 another wingwas added to themeeting house. There have been few other changes to the olderbuildings sincethen.^[2]

Significant contributing properties

Among the contributing properties, several are particularly importantinthe context of the district. None have yet been listed individually ontheNational Register, but they are all local landmarks, carryingmarkersindicating what they are and their year of construction.^[5]

·   SamuelAllen Farm, 400, 401–407 QuakerRoad.     Four buildings remain standing from this farm establishedsometime before     1820; all were built by 1852. The currying shop,400, is on the west side,     with the main house, tenant house andan old barn. All are similar     buildings, four bays wide and from one-and-a-half to two     storieshigh.^[2]

Thomas Dodge House

·   ThomasDodge House, 428       Quaker Road.Cabinetmaker Thomas Dodge and     his wife Hannah, later inhabitantsof the early settlement, built this     three-by-two-bay house. Sinceit is on sloping ground, it is two stories     on the east but onlyone and a half on the west.^[2]

·   MeetingHouse, 420  Quaker Road.     Located on a slightrise above the road, immediately to the west of the     Allenproperties, the meeting house is a two-story clapboard-sided gabled    structure with a full verandaharound the south and east. Inside, chamfered    wooden posts support a gallery on three sides.^[2] It is the oldest knownbuilding in the town of New Castle,dating     to 1753.^[3]

·   Reynolds–Carpenter Farmhouse, 332 Quaker Road.     The southern end of the district isanchored by this five-bay, two-story     gabled house, one of twolikely built for one of Reynolds' seven sons. Its     rear wing wasadded in 1850 by Robert Carpenter. North of it is a barn     from thesame era, now used as a garage.^[2]

·   StonyHollow Farmhouse, 478 Quaker Road.     Thishouse-and-barn combination is located at the north end of the    district. The clapboard-sided house contrasts with the shingled barn, but    both are believed to have been built around 1820, with the houseexpanded     later in the 19th century.^[2]

Sutton–Reynolds House

·   Sutton–Reynolds House, 354 Quaker Road.     Situated to the north of the Reynolds–Carpenter House, this     similarly-sized house is alsobelieved to have been built by Reynolds for     another of his sons.It is distinguished by the two chimneys that rise     from eitherend.^[2]

·   Thorn–Dodge House, 386 Quaker Road.     The rear wing of this five-by-two-baytwo-story clapboard-sided gabled     house is the original structurebuilt by Elnathan Thorn. Henry Dodge moved     it here when he builtthe current house in 1852.

Preservation

While New Castle'szoning does not include any specialmeasures for the district,the town has other measures to protect and preserveit. Most prominently, all ofthe historic properties within the historicdistrict have been designated townlandmarks.^[5]

The town's historic preservationordinancesprovidefor the designation of local landmarks.^[6] A Landmarks AdvisoryCommittee, consisting of the town historian and fourresidents with an interestin preservation and development appointed by thetown board to three-year terms,guides the town in not only its designation oflandmarks but the preservation ofthose already designated.^[7] Any change to an existinglandmark's exterior must be approved by thecommittee.^[8] As allowed under New Yorkstate law, propertytaxexemptions areavailable to any owner of a landmarkwho restores or rehabilitates it, if they havebeen approved inadvance by the committee and the town assessorcertifiesthat they were finished as planned.^[9]

See also[edit]

·   List of Quaker meeting houses

·   National    Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New    York

References[edit]

1.                      ^ Jumpup to: ^ab"NationalRegisterInformation System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. 

2.                      ^ Jumpup to: ^{abcdefghijklmnop}Lynn Beebe Weaver(October 1973). "NationalRegister of Historic Places Registration:Old ChappaquaHistoric District".NewYork StateOffice of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved2010-12-24. See also:"Accompanyingsix photos". 

3.                      ^ Jumpup to: ^abcd"Historyof the Town of New Castle". New Castle HistoricalSociety. RetrievedMarch 19, 2013. 

4.                      Jumpup ^OssiningQuadrangle – New York – Westchester Co. (Map). 1:24,000. USGS 7½-minute quadrangle. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March18,2013. 

5.                      ^ Jumpup to: ^ab"NewCastle Landmarks". New Castle HistoricalSociety. March 29, 2011.Retrieved March 19, 2013. 

6.                      Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-3, Designation of New Castlelandmarks, adopted July 28, 2009;retrieved March 19, 2013.

7.                      Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-2, Landmarks Advisory Committee,retrieved March 19, 2013

8.                      Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-3.1, Construction, alteration,removal or demolition of New Castle landmarks;retrieved March 19, 2013.

9.                      Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-6, Limited tax exemption;retrieved March 19, 2013.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chappaqua_Historic_District

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