1753年旧ChappaquaNY居民点标志碑

黄安年文 黄安年的博客/2015年10月7日上午美东时间; 晚上北京时间发布

还在美国独立革命前夕，Chappaqua NY已经相当的活跃，就有一些名人在这里活动或居住。对于这些历史遗址，美国是非常重视保存和维护的。今天早晨，我从Chappaqua NY车站通往Quaker Road (New York StateRoute 120)交叉路口沿着专门的人行道行走,走到临近Marcourt Dr和Chappaqua Mountain Road三角地的1753年旧Chappaqua NY居民点标志碑。这里是距今362年的最早一批定居在ChappaquaNY的居民点。相距现在的Chappaqua镇中心地也就是步行20分钟左右的路程。

由于美国独立战争的战场之一的NorthWhite plains 和这里的距离较远，在美国内战中这里也没有波及，三个半世纪以来，这里的民宅保存完好。

照片4张是今天早上拍摄的。

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Old Chappaqua Historic District

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The Old Chappaqua Historic District is located along Quaker Road (New York StateRoute 120) in the townof New Castle,New York, United States, between the hamletsof Chappaqua andMillwood. Itwas the original center of Chappaqua, prior to the construction of the Harlem ValleyRailroad and the erection of its stationto the south in the mid-19th century. In 1974 it was recognized as a historicdistrict and listed on the NationalRegister of Historic Places.^[1]

What is today Chappaqua was firstsettled around 1740 by a group of Quakers from Long Island. They built the still-used meeting house,the oldest known building in the town,^[3] around which the district centered a decade later. Theother contributingproperties, all timber frame buildings up and down the road oneither side near the meeting house, are the surviving buildings from some ofthe farms established then and later. They have been preserved intact from thattime.

Geography

The district begins on the west side of the road, approximately 0.6 mi(1 km) north of downtown Chappaqua and the Saw Mill River Parkway interchange, at 332Quaker Road, just opposite Commodore Road. It follows the south line of that lot, then aline consistent with the west line of that lot through Fair Ridge Cemetery up to 478 Quaker, then turns100 ft (30 m) to follow the north line and cross the road to take in485 Quaker. It turns south at the lot corner to create a corridor 450 feet(140 m) wide with the road at the center south back to 385 Quaker, justnorth of Chappaqua Mountain Road, where it returns west to the road andcontinues back to its southern boundary.^[2]

The terrain is hilly, forcing the road through some gentle curves as itpasses through the district. Despite the extensive residential development inthe area, it is still heavily wooded, with many tall trees shading the housesand few clearings. Streams in the area drain into the SawMill River, which rises in the woods to the east. Quaker Road climbs approximate 140 feet(43 m) from south to north through the district.^[4]

Marker at Chappaqua Mountain  Road intersection

Within this boundary, along a 0.6-mile (1 km) stretch of Quaker, are33 acres (13 ha) with 30 buildings, half of which are contributing properties. All of them, whethercontributing or not, are wood frame houses of two to three stories with gabled roofs. Thoseof more modern construction are sympathetic to their historic neighbors. Exceptfor the meeting house, all are still used as residences. In the middle of asmall grassy island at the Chappaqua Mountain Road intersection is arock with a commemorative plaque to the district attached.^[2]

History

Quakers,fleeing religious persecution in England as Dissenters, settled in British colonies duringthe 17th century. One group established a meetingon LongIsland in 1645. By the early 18th century their offshoots had crossed LongIsland Sound to Westchester County, where theyestablished Mamaroneck and Purchase by 1727.^[2]

In 1730, further offshoots of those groups moved further inland, to WampusPond (now Armonk) and "Shapequaw". Ten years laterone of them, John Reynolds, established a 100-acre (40 ha) farm thatincluded the area of the future district, along Quaker Road from Kipp Street to Roaring Brook Road. By 1747 there wereenough Quakers in Shapequaw that they began petitioning the Purchase meeting toestablish their own. Permission was granted shortly thereafter, and Reynoldsdonated two of his acres (8,100 m²) to the group so it could build a meetinghouse and burial ground.^[2]

The meeting house

By 1753 the meeting house was finished. In 1776 itwould serve as a hospital for ContinentalArmy soldiers injured at the nearby Battle of White Plains.^[2] Two years later a wing was built on it.^[2]

The original Reynolds farm was eventually subdivided.Other farmers, like Samuel Allen and Elnathan Thorn, built houses near themeeting house. By 1825 the area had become the community of what was now knownas Chappaqua.^[2] The residents were largely self-sufficient farmerswith side businesses as craftsmen.^[3]

That ended with the construction of the Harlem Valley Railroad (still in use todayas Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line) in 1846. It followed theriver valley, and so the station was built a mile (1.6 km) southof the meeting house. Gradually that area became developed and grew into thedowntown Chappaqua that exists today. Allen built a couple of small housesacross the road from the meeting house, and cabinetmakerHenry Dodge built a large house at what is today 386 Quaker, moving the olderThorn house in the process. That was the last development in the districtrelated to the original Quaker settlers and their families.^[2]

As the railroad spurred the suburbanizationof northern Westchester in the later 19th andearly 20th centuries, the meeting house and associated farm buildings remainedin use. However, the economy changed. With the railroad close by, the farmersswitched to growing cash crops for the New  York City market, and sold some of their largerlandholdings.^[3]

Some buildings, such as the outbuildings on the Thorn–Dodge property, weredestroyed by the 1904 tornado. New construction in thedistrict did not replace any of the historic structures. In 1961 another wingwas added to the meeting house. There have been few other changes to the olderbuildings since then.^[2]

Significant contributing properties

Among the contributing properties, several are particularly important inthe context of the district. None have yet been listed individually on theNational Register, but they are all local landmarks, carrying markersindicating what they are and their year of construction.^[5]

• Samuel Allen Farm, 400, 401–407 Quaker Road.     Four buildings remain standing from this farm established sometime before     1820; all were built by 1852. The currying shop, 400, is on the west side,     with the main house, tenant house and an old barn. All are similar     buildings, four bays wide and from one-and-a-half to two     stories high.^[2]

Thomas Dodge House

• Thomas Dodge House, 428       Quaker Road. Cabinetmaker Thomas Dodge and     his wife Hannah, later inhabitants of the early settlement, built this     three-by-two-bay house. Since it is on sloping ground, it is two stories     on the east but only one and a half on the west.^[2]

• Meeting House, 420 Quaker Road.     Located on a slight rise above the road, immediately to the west of the     Allen properties, the meeting house is a two-story clapboard-sided gabled     structure with a full verandah around the south and east. Inside, chamfered     wooden posts support a gallery on three sides.^[2] It is the oldest known building in the town of New Castle, dating     to 1753.^[3]

• Reynolds–Carpenter Farmhouse, 332 Quaker Road.     The southern end of the district is anchored by this five-bay, two-story     gabled house, one of two likely built for one of Reynolds' seven sons. Its     rear wing was added in 1850 by Robert Carpenter. North of it is a barn     from the same era, now used as a garage.^[2]

• Stony Hollow Farmhouse, 478 Quaker Road.     This house-and-barn combination is located at the north end of the     district. The clapboard-sided house contrasts with the shingled barn, but     both are believed to have been built around 1820, with the house expanded     later in the 19th century.^[2]

Sutton–Reynolds House

• Sutton–Reynolds House, 354 Quaker Road.     Situated to the north of the Reynolds–Carpenter House, this     similarly-sized house is also believed to have been built by Reynolds for     another of his sons. It is distinguished by the two chimneys that rise     from either end.^[2]

• Thorn–Dodge House, 386 Quaker Road.     The rear wing of this five-by-two-bay two-story clapboard-sided gabled     house is the original structure built by Elnathan Thorn. Henry Dodge moved     it here when he built the current house in 1852.

Preservation

While New Castle'szoning does not include any specialmeasures for the district, the town has other measures to protect and preserveit. Most prominently, all of the historic properties within the historicdistrict have been designated town landmarks.^[5]

The town's historic preservationordinancesprovide for the designation of local landmarks.^[6] A Landmarks Advisory Committee, consisting of the town historian and fourresidents with an interest in preservation and development appointed by thetown board to three-year terms, guides the town in not only its designation oflandmarks but the preservation of those already designated.^[7] Any change to an existing landmark's exterior must be approved by thecommittee.^[8] As allowed under New York state law, propertytaxexemptions are available to any owner of a landmarkwho restores or rehabilitates it, if they havebeen approved in advance by the committee and the town assessorcertifies that they were finished as planned.^[9]

See also[edit]

• List of Quaker meeting houses

• National     Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New     York

References[edit]

1.                       ^ Jumpup to: ^ab"NationalRegister Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. 

2.                       ^ Jumpup to: ^{abcdefghijklmnop}Lynn Beebe Weaver(October 1973). "NationalRegister of Historic Places Registration:Old Chappaqua Historic District".NewYork State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved2010-12-24. See also:"Accompanyingsix photos". 

3.                       ^ Jumpup to: ^abcd"Historyof the Town of New Castle". New Castle Historical Society. RetrievedMarch 19, 2013. 

4.                       Jumpup ^OssiningQuadrangle – New York – Westchester Co. (Map). 1:24,000. USGS 7½-minute quadrangle. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 18,2013. 

5.                       ^ Jumpup to: ^ab"NewCastle Landmarks". New Castle Historical Society. March 29, 2011.Retrieved March 19, 2013. 

6.                       Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-3, Designation of New Castlelandmarks, adopted July 28, 2009; retrieved March 19, 2013.

7.                       Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-2, Landmarks Advisory Committee,retrieved March 19, 2013

8.                       Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-3.1, Construction, alteration,removal or demolition of New Castle landmarks; retrieved March 19, 2013.

9.                       Jumpup ^New Castle Town Code, § 76-6, Limited tax exemption;retrieved March 19, 2013.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chappaqua_Historic_District