教育史专家、厦门大学教育研究院院长刘海峰： 大文确实体现出“吾爱吾校，吾更爱真理”和实事求是的精神，勇气可嘉。前几年我也注意到你在网络上发表的与天津大学有关人员的争论文章，当时就表现出你有强烈的爱武大的感情，虽然我知道你对相关史实和我的论著了解不够全面，但既无心也无暇去纠正你的观点。我知道你现在是秉持“论从史出”的科学态度，才会幡然悔悟，写出《吾爱吾校，吾更爱真理——对武汉大学建校年代及相关校史问题的沉重反思》这样的文章。 |
博文
亚里士多德似乎没有说过“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理！”——有此一说
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——所谓的希腊原文可能根本就不存在，因为亚里士多德似乎没有说过
亚里士多德未讲过“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”？
近日因考证哈佛大学的校训，想搜索“（哈佛大学校训的）拉丁原文：Amicus Plato，Amicus Aristotle, Sed Magis Amicus VERITAS.“要与柏拉图为友，要与亚里士多德为友，更要与真理为友”的源头，发现附1中的著作称“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”可能并非出自亚里士多德之口，而可能出自西班牙作家、《堂·吉诃德》作者塞万提斯。
除了附1与附2著作（同一来源）提出质疑外，目前没有发现其他线索。欢迎有兴趣、有了解的博友提供相关消息。
附2：https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aristotle（附2与附1应指同一信息，说明最早可能出自《堂·吉诃德》）
According to the notes in Plato: Republic Book X, edited by John Ferguson, p. 71, «the familiar 'amicus Plato sed magis amica veritas' is found in Cervantes' Don Quixote II 8 and cannot be traced further back. Cf. Roger Bacon Op. mai. I vii, 'amicus est Socrates, magister meus, sed magis est amica veritas'. For the opposite view, see Cicero, T.D. I 17,39, 'errare mehercule malo cum Platone . . . quam cum istis vera sentire'.»
附3：http://www.members.tripod.com/mr_sedivy/quotes1.html
Highlands Ranch High School - Mr. Sedivy
Highlands Ranch, Colorado
- Famous Quotes Throughout World History -
The Great Quotes of Ancient Greece
Aristotle 384 - 322 BC
"We make war that we may live in peace."
"Every art and every investigation, and likewise every practical pursuit or undertaking, seems to aim at some good: hence it has been well said that the Good is That at which all things aim."
"Therefore, the good of man must be the end (i.e. objective) of the science of politics."
"Tragedy is thus a representation of an action that is worth serious attention, complete in itself and of some amplitude é by means of pity and fear bringing about the purgation of such emotions."
"So poetry is something more philosophical and more worthy of serious attention than history."
"Probable impossibilities are to be preferred to improbable possibilities." "Man is by nature a political animal."
"He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god."
"Nature does nothing without purpose or uselessly."
When asked: "What is a friend?" Aristotle replied:
"One soul inhabiting two bodies."
"Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas." （注：吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理）
(Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth.)
附4：https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aristotle
Disputed[edit]
Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas.
Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth.
Variant: Plato is my friend, but the truth is more my friend.
A similar statement was attributed to Aristotle in antiquityː "Φίλος μὲν Σωκράτης, ἀλλὰ φιλτέρα ἀλήθεια." ["Socrates is a friend, but truth is a greater."] — Ammonius Hermiae, Life of Aristotle (as translated in Dictionary of Quotations (1906) by Thomas Benfield Harbottle, p. 527). The variant mentioned above may possibly be derived from a reduction of a statement known to have been made by Isaac Newton, who at the head of notes he titled Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae (Certain Philosophical Questions) wrote in Latin: "Amicus Plato— amicus Aristoteles— magis amica veritas" which translates to: "Plato is my friend— Aristotle is my friend— but my greatest friend is truth." (c. 1664)
Another possible origin of the "dear is Plato" statement is in theNicomachean Ethics; the Ross translation (of 1096.a11–1096.a16) provides: "We had perhaps better consider the universal good and discuss thoroughly what is meant by it, although such an inquiry is made an uphill one by the fact that the Forms have been introduced by friends of our own. Yet it would perhaps be thought to be better, indeed to be our duty, for the sake of maintaining the truth even to destroy what touches us closely, especially as we are philosophers; for, while both are dear, piety requires us to honour truth above our friends."
Note that the last clause, when quoted by itself loses the connection to "the friends" who introduced "the Forms", Plato above all. Therefore the misattribution could be the result of the "quote" actually being a paraphrase which identifies Plato where Aristotle only alludes to him circumspectly.According to the notes in Plato: Republic Book X, edited by John Ferguson, p. 71, «the familiar 'amicus Plato sed magis amica veritas' is found in Cervantes' Don Quixote II 8 and cannot be traced further back. Cf. Roger Bacon Op. mai. I vii, 'amicus est Socrates, magister meus, sed magis est amica veritas'. For the opposite view, see Cicero, T.D. I 17,39, 'errare mehercule malo cum Platone . . . quam cum istis vera sentire'.»
The single harmony produced by all the heavenly bodies singing and dancing together springs from one source and ends by achieving one purpose, and has rightly bestowed the name not of "disordered" but of "ordered universe" upon the whole.
附5：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amicus_Plato,_sed_magis_amica_veritas
Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritasAmicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas is a Latin phrase, translating to "Plato is my friend, but truth is a better friend (literally: Plato is friend, but truth is more friend (to me than he is))." The maxim is often attributed to Aristotle, as a paraphrase of the Nicomachean Ethics 1096a15: “Where both are friends, it is right to prefer truth”. The closest Latin prototype is found in Roger Bacon, Opus Majus, Pars I, cap. v.[1]
Bacon's reference to the Nicomachean Ethics and a book of secrets is the pseudo-Aristotelian compilation, theSecretum Secretorum, translated into Latin from the Arabic in the twelfth or early thirteenth century. Henry Guerlac points out that the proverb appears in differing forms in a Life of Aristotle found in three distinct mediaeval manuscripts, two Greek and one Latin. Thomas Aquinas relies on the same source while proving the point in Sententia libri Ethicorum, Liber 1, Lectio 6, n. 4-5:[2]
附6：http://jmichael.us/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/BAThesis1.pdf
This problem is by no means new—often called Amicus Plato, sed magis amica vertias (Plato is my friend, but truth is a better friend).
附7：http://www.scienceforpeople.com/Essays/Aristotle.htm(注：这似乎是一篇科幻小说)
Aristotle's Chickens May 7, 2003
Aristotle came close to discovering stem cells more than two thousand years ago. Will we have to wait another two millennia for a therapy?By Scott C. Anderson
Aristotle strode slowly in the shade of the covered walkway, gesturing as he spoke. In his wake was an excited group of young students, straining to hear his every word.
"Welcome to the Lyceum!" he shouted, spreading his arms expansively at the surrounding campus. The students looked around, taking in the olive trees, flower beds and various handsome buildings. A gurgling irrigation ditch wound its way through the serpentine gardens, keeping it lush year-round. Over the years many philosophers had found their way to this idyllic grove; it was easy to see the attraction.
"This academy is unlike the others in Athens," he declared. "Those schools spoon-feed their pupils a simplified world, populated with imaginary, perfect forms. It is candy for the brain -- and just as nourishing! The Lyceum, on the other hand, is grounded in the real world, grubs and all. Your course of study here will be much more rigorous. So, if you wish to join those frivolous philosopher kings and lodge your head in the clouds, now is your chance to leave."
Aristotle waited, whistling quietly and tapping his foot, but no one left. "Okay, then, you've been warned. At the Lyceum, you will get your hands dirty!" The students traded slightly worried looks, but Aristotle didn't give them time to dwell on this pronouncement. He continued walking, making his way toward a familiar-looking building.
"This is our barn. The more pampered among you have likely never set foot in one of these buildings. Here we have kept and bred thousands of animals." As the smell of urine and manure hit them, the students grimaced in unison.
Seeing their reaction, Aristotle said, "Here you may close your nose, but you must keep your eyes and your mind open!
"The greatest thinkers of our time know much about the heavens, but precious little of our day-to-day world. When it comes to flesh and blood, the lowliest farmer puts them all to shame. A philosopher can make a decent living propagating noble lies, but a farmer can starve to death merely by straying slightly from nature's true path."
"But professor, are you mocking your own master, Plato?" said a student, timidly.
"Ah, shrewd of you to notice. Well, young man, Plato is very dear to me. And the truth is dear to me. But really, the truth is dearer than Plato!"
附8：
附9：http://dict.cn/Aristotle%20says%20%2C
Aristotle says ,"Plato is dear to me , but dearer still is truth
您要查找的是不是：
Aristotle says ,"Plato is dear to me , but dearer still is truth .亚里士多德说：“我爱柏拉图，我更爱真理。”
Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth.我尊重柏拉图，但我更尊重真理。
Plato is dear to me, But dearer still is truth.我尊重柏拉图，但我更尊重真理。
Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth. (aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher)吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理。(古希腊哲学家亚里士多德)
Plato is dear to me , but dearer still is truth. (aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher)吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理。(古希腊哲学家亚里士多德)
Aristotle:"Amious Plato,sed magis amica veritas."(Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth. Adapted from a亚里士多德：“吾爱柏拉图，但更爱真理。”摘自中世纪的亚里士多德传）
附10：
附11：http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=330732&do=blog&id=361044
“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理” 
精选 2010-9-9 05:31
今天想馈赠给年青学子古代哲学家亚里士多德的一句名言：“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”。这句话已流传了两千多年，至今仍有很大的教育意义。
这句话的英文说法是：“Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth”。Plato（柏拉图）译成了“师”，因为柏拉图是亚里士多德的老师。且听我说说背后的掌故。
亚里士多德从17岁开始就拜柏拉图为师，持续了20年，始终热爱崇拜柏拉图，以他为良师益友。亚里士多德这样赞美柏拉图：“在众人之中，他是唯一的，……这样的人啊，如今已无处寻觅！”然而，在学术上他们有过激烈的争论。
原来，柏拉图倡导“理念论”，认为具体事物只是理念的“基本”和“影子”，具体的个别事物是不真实的，只有它们的理念是真实的。而亚里士多德则力主“实体论”，认为具体的个别的东西才是真实的，在我们日常看到的实体以外，还要假定比实体还真实的“理念”是毫无用处的，一般的抽象的概念性的东西不能脱离个别的具体的东西而存在。
亚里士多德坚信自己的论点是正确的，毫不留情地批评了自己的恩师的错误观点。这就在当时当地掀起了轩然大波，有人指责亚里士多德是背叛自己恩师的忘恩负义之徒，而亚里士多德就回敬以这句载入史册的名言：“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”。历史已经证明，亚里士多德的观点是从唯心主义到朴素唯物主义的进步（尽管这种进步还不彻底）。
其实，在我国古代也有可与之比美的类似名言。唐代大文豪韩愈在《师说》里写道：“弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。”这段话也阐明了，学生应该也可以超越老师，师生的差别只不过是闻道先后、学科专长的不同罢了。
环顾我国目前的教育界，应试教育造成种种恶劣后果，其中的一个弊端是“师道尊严”之风盛行，不少学生在老师面前不敢说半个“不”字，这种局面令人担忧。
当然，实行“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”，要通过师生两方面的努力。做老师的应雍容大度，闻过则喜；做学生应不畏权威，敢于超越。
这里举一个绝佳的例子。
复旦大学中文系的美学家蒋孔阳教授于1980年出版了权威性专著《德国古典美学》，备受好评，有一位学生却发表文章提出了四点批评意见。正在日本讲学的蒋孔阳先生读到这些意见后，立即给这位学生写信，明确表示：“你的文章对我的肯定超过我做到的，对我的批评则太客气，你所批评的几点还是有道理的，我以后有机会一定加以修改。”他还在信中特意抄引了上述名言：“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理”，用以夸奖自己的学生。
我想：
做学生，当如亚里士多德。
做老师，当如蒋孔阳。
附12：http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-350729-455335.html
我和亚里士多德——以西施为邻
2011-6-14 23:50
西施据说有位邻居叫东施，喜欢模仿西施，落下东施效颦的传说。我喜与亚里士多德为邻，也想模仿一下哲人的风采。我还想得寸进尺，效仿“我的朋友胡适之”，把“亚里士多德”称做“我的朋友阿里多”（“亚”是英文发音，据我的意语发音知识，“阿”更准确。希腊语发音我不知道，但我感觉可能接近于意语吧。简称“阿里多”也是为了顺口）。
为什么呢？我感觉我的兴趣与亚里士多德相仿，热爱博览群书，尽管功力明显不足，但又执迷不误。
亚里士多德有一句名言：吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理。他与乃师明显不同，据说柏拉图不爱看别人的著作，喜欢自立新见（可能他的眼中只有老师苏格拉底与他自己）。
我想到了一个问题：先秦的诸子百家是自话自说为主呢还是经常交流。我倾向于认为各执己见。“先秦诸子百家交流情形考证”我认为是一个不错的题目。因为交流的成本很高。一是旅费、时间支出，二是思想可能被别人说服。柏拉图拒看别人书籍的原因，除了自信外，不排除有思想受制于人的担心。一旦交流，往往会形成所谓的共识，此时已识就消失了。
亚里士多德由于喜爱博览群书，同时受制于老师柏拉图，在柏拉图生前他只能沿着老师的脚印前进。柏拉图去世之后，亚里士多德才逐步地提出自己的独特见解。
附13：http://www.21ccom.net/articles/zgyj/gmht/article_2012120472266.htm
附14：http://www.cnbothwin.com/ziyuan/WztuZ7ExhdP2Cjvy.html
真理即使混杂在一堆谎话里也会显现，像油浮在水上一样。 [西班牙]塞万提斯
附15：http://www.diyifanwen.com/tool/mrmydq/10530112218332393.htm
真理即使细弱如丝，也扯不断，混杂在一堆谎话里也会露头，像油浮在水上一样。 作者:塞万提斯
历史孕育了真理，它能和时间抗衡，把遗闻旧事保藏下来。它是往昔的迹象，当代的鉴戒，后世的教训。 作者:塞万提斯
附13与附14合注：所谓塞万提斯名言，真实性待查。可以判断，塞万提斯也是喜欢谈论“真理”、追求“真理”的。
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-350729-907610.html
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