这里可以看到三位科学家的发文量、被引总量、主要研究领域、科研合作者、代表作等信息。

他们发表的论文和被引情况可以点开微软搜索的网址。

Tomas Lindahl

Paul Modrich

Aziz Sancar

北京时间10月7日下午5点45分，2015年诺贝尔化学奖揭晓，瑞典、美国、土耳其三位科学家Tomas Lindahl、Paul Modrich和Aziz Sancar获奖。获奖理由是“DNA修复的机制研究”。

Tomas Lindahl，瑞典公民，1938年1月28日出生于瑞典斯德哥尔摩，1967年获得博士学位。目前任职于英国弗朗西斯-克里克研究所。

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Tomas L. Lindahl

Linköping University

发文量 Publications: 174|  论文被引总量  Citations: 5682

Fields: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Pharmacology

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科研合作者 Collaborated with 404 co-authors from 1982 to 2011|  

引用他的论文的作者 Cited by 14783 authors

微软搜索网址  http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/18782571/tomas-l-lindahl

代表作

• Human DNA Repair Genes(Citations: 382)

  
  Richard D. Wood, Michael Mitchell, John Sgouros, Tomas Lindahl
  Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered ...
  Journal: Science, vol. 291, no. 5507, pp. 1284-1289, 2001
• Role of poly(ADP-ribose) formation in DNA repair(Citations: 312)
  Masahiko S. Satoh, Tomas Lindahl
  THE abundant nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalyses the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)1-5. This protein has an N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing two zinc-fingers, which is linked to the C-terminal NAD+-binding domain by a short region containing several glutamic acid residues that are sites of auto-poly(...
  Journal: Nature, vol. 356, no. 6367, pp. 356-358, 1992

Paul Modrich，美国公民，1973年从美国斯坦福大学获得博士学位。目前为美国杜克大学教授及美国霍华德-休斯医学研究所研究人员。

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Paul L. Modrich

Duke University

Publications: 88|Citations: 4258

Fields: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology

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Collaborated with 275 co-authors from 1978 to 2012| Cited by 8682 authors

http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/4441606/paul-l-modrich

代表作

• Mechanisms And Biological Effects Of Mismatch Repair(Citations: 334)
  P Modrich
  Journal: Annual Review of Genetics - ANNU REV GENET, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 229-253, 1991
• Biallelic Inactivation of hMLH1 by Epigenetic Gene Silencing, a Novel Mechanism Causing Human MSI Cancers(Citations: 231)

  
  Martina L. Veigl, Lakshmi Kasturi, Joseph Olechnowicz, Aihong Ma, James D. Lutterbaugh, Sumudra Periyasamy, Guo-Min Li, James Drummond, Paul L. Modrich, W. David Sedwick, Sanford D. Markowitz
  Mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes, including the hMLH1 gene, have been linked to human colon and other cancers in which defective DNA repair is evidenced by the associated instability of DNA microsatellite sequences (MSI). Germ-line hMLH1 mutations are causally associated with inherited MSI colon cancer, and somatic mutations are causally associated with sporadic MSI colon cancer. Previously however, ...
  Journal: Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, vol. 95, no. 15, pp. 8698-8702, 1998
• Isolation of an hMSH2-p160 heterodimer that restores DNA mismatch repair to tumor cells(Citations: 187)
  J. Drummond, G. Li, M. Longley, P Modrich
  Journal: Science, vol. 268, no. 5219, pp. 1909-1912, 1995

Aziz Sancar，土耳其公民，1946年出生于土耳其萨乌尔。目前为美国北卡罗来纳大学医学院教授。

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Aziz Sancar

University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

Publications: 251|Citations: 7267

Fields: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology

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Collaborated with 442 co-authors from 1978 to 2011| Cited by 14016 authors

http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/23412207/aziz-sancar

代表作

• DNA Excision Repair(Citations: 417)
  A Sancar
  Journal: Annual Review of Biochemistry - ANNU REV BIOCHEM, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 43-81, 1996
  Structure and function of DNA photolyase(Citations: 203)
  Aziz Sancar
  Journal: Biochemistry - BIOCHEMISTRY-USA, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 2-9, 1994
   

DNA修复的细胞工具箱

2015年的诺贝尔化学奖授予Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich和Aziz Sancar三位科学家，因为他们从分子水平上揭示了细胞是如何修复损伤的DNA以及保护遗传信息的。他们的研究工作为我们了解活体细胞是如何工作提供了最基本的认识，并有助于很多实际应用比如新癌症疗法的开发。

每一天，我们的DNA都会在紫外辐射、自由基和其他致癌物质的作用下发生损伤，但即使没有这些外部伤害，DNA分子也天生就不是个安分的家伙——细胞的基因组中天天都要发生数千次的自发变化。而且，每当细胞产生分裂、DNA发生复制时，缺陷都会产生，这样的事情每天都在人体中重演上百万次。

而我们身体内的各种遗传物质并不会瓦解、演变成为一场化学混乱的原因则在于，一系列的分子机制持续监视并修复着DNA。2015年的诺贝尔化学奖授予给了这三位先驱科学家，表彰他们为从分子水平上详细揭示若干个此类修复是如何运行的原理而做出的贡献。

在20世纪70年代早期，科学家们认为DNA是一种非常稳定的分子，但Tomas Lindahl却发现，DNA会以一定的速率发生衰变——按此速率，地球上的生物甚至都不该存在并发展下来的。这让他揭示了一种分子机制——碱基切除修复——该机制不断地抵消了DNA的崩溃。

Aziz Sancar绘制出了核苷酸切除修复机制，细胞利用切除修复机制来修复UV造成的DNA损伤。天生缺失这种机制的人暴露在太阳光下，可导致皮肤癌的发生。细胞还可利用此机制修复致突变物或其他物质引起的DNA损伤。

Paul Modrich证明了细胞在有丝分裂时如何去修复错误的DNA，这种机制就是错配修复。错配修复机制使DNA复制出错几率下降了一千倍。如果先天缺失错配修复机制可导致癌症的发生，例如遗传性结肠癌的发生。

细胞是如何工作的，掌握了这些知识，就可以用来研发新型治疗癌症的方法。

更多阅读

诺贝尔奖网站官方公告（英文）

http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2015/10/328178.shtm