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文献阅读：The Business of Personal Knowledge
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Gregory, M.R. & Norbis, M. (2008b) 'The business of personal knowledge.' Paper given at the 8th International Conference on Knowledge, Culture and Change in Organisations, at the Cambridge University, United Kingdom between 2008/08/05 and 2008/08/08.
这篇文章组织了很多内容，是介绍PIM与其相关技术不可多得的综述类文献。
1）关于人们在合作时个体的知识表示和个体间的知识交流
2）个人信息管理中常用方法有：Agenda、Address book、ToDo list、Bibliography、Reading Notes、Project logbook。评：这些方法都有离散、不易重组织的缺点.还包括后面提到的使用spreadsheets和database的方法。可与HintsNet[1]相比较。
3）Outlining和Outliner，可理解为层次目录或者Tree结构
4）数据管理：使用mindmap
5）数据的meaning：语义
6）在3.9节（Ontology and the Semantic Web: Towards Web 3.0?）中提出疑问Search or classify?我的答案是classify and search,而不是二中择一。
7）谈到PIM与ontology、semantic web之间的联系
8）semantic web的目的是试图让机器理解信息并作出合理响应。
9）建筑原则采用Dijkstra、Edsger W.（1982）提出的Separation of concerns原则，将内容、呈现和交互分离开来。（评：这个原则在使用时常常被错误理解，这也是为什么大多数PIM工具不好用的原因）
10）W3C Semantic Web分层蛋糕(XML、XML Schema、RDF、OWL、SPARQL)与PIM的联系。
11)Semantic Web的难堪现状：“Large-scale research prototypes aimed at the corporate level are beginning to emerge. Their implementation and use is fraught with practical and conceptual difficulties. The best-known example to date is MIT’s Simile project (Simile 2008). See also Gnowsis 2008.” MIT的DSpace。
12)Haystack和Gnowsis（CLUUG，http://www.gnowsis.com/about/content/product）
12-1)tutorial of CLUUG，http://www.youtube.com/user/cluug
13) 作者给出如下三个假设
13-1) "The data-centred approach adopted by most PIMs is not necessarily well adapted to the working methods adopted by knowledge workers. Establishing what styles and functionalities appeal to (or repel) different types of users is not yet well understood."
13-2)"Current PIMs tend to emphasise one particular information management technique, to the exclusion of others. The absence of complementary information management techniques is one of the factors which cause knowledge workers to reject current PIMs.", “规则”做了什么？
13-3)“PIMs are not much used because PIMs either impose an ontology which does not correspond to the user’s ontology, or do not permit that ontology to be made explicit and/or shared. The incorporation of explicit knowledge representation mechanisms which are tailored to their users’ (plural) needs will make a PIM more useful: by beginning to turn it into a small-group knowledge manager.” 评：造成这种结果的原因一般是由于绝大多数PIM工具试图让人来适应工具，而不是工具适应人。
NOTE：
1)data、information、knowledge、context
2)文章多处提到context，但从来还未曾有人清楚的描述过context的具体面貌。
[1]参见Goals of HintsNet, http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=367142
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-482644-368307.html
上一篇：[观点]未来文献发表模式发展趋势、特点与信息福利时代
下一篇：文献阅读：Auditing Personal Information Management
这篇文章组织了很多内容，是介绍PIM与其相关技术不可多得的综述类文献。
1）关于人们在合作时个体的知识表示和个体间的知识交流
2）个人信息管理中常用方法有：Agenda、Address book、ToDo list、Bibliography、Reading Notes、Project logbook。评：这些方法都有离散、不易重组织的缺点.还包括后面提到的使用spreadsheets和database的方法。可与HintsNet[1]相比较。
3）Outlining和Outliner，可理解为层次目录或者Tree结构
4）数据管理：使用mindmap
5）数据的meaning：语义
6）在3.9节（Ontology and the Semantic Web: Towards Web 3.0?）中提出疑问Search or classify?我的答案是classify and search,而不是二中择一。
7）谈到PIM与ontology、semantic web之间的联系
8）semantic web的目的是试图让机器理解信息并作出合理响应。
9）建筑原则采用Dijkstra、Edsger W.（1982）提出的Separation of concerns原则，将内容、呈现和交互分离开来。（评：这个原则在使用时常常被错误理解，这也是为什么大多数PIM工具不好用的原因）
10）W3C Semantic Web分层蛋糕(XML、XML Schema、RDF、OWL、SPARQL)与PIM的联系。
11)Semantic Web的难堪现状：“Large-scale research prototypes aimed at the corporate level are beginning to emerge. Their implementation and use is fraught with practical and conceptual difficulties. The best-known example to date is MIT’s Simile project (Simile 2008). See also Gnowsis 2008.” MIT的DSpace。
12)Haystack和Gnowsis（CLUUG，http://www.gnowsis.com/about/content/product）
12-1)tutorial of CLUUG，http://www.youtube.com/user/cluug
13) 作者给出如下三个假设
13-1) "The data-centred approach adopted by most PIMs is not necessarily well adapted to the working methods adopted by knowledge workers. Establishing what styles and functionalities appeal to (or repel) different types of users is not yet well understood."
13-2)"Current PIMs tend to emphasise one particular information management technique, to the exclusion of others. The absence of complementary information management techniques is one of the factors which cause knowledge workers to reject current PIMs.", “规则”做了什么？
13-3)“PIMs are not much used because PIMs either impose an ontology which does not correspond to the user’s ontology, or do not permit that ontology to be made explicit and/or shared. The incorporation of explicit knowledge representation mechanisms which are tailored to their users’ (plural) needs will make a PIM more useful: by beginning to turn it into a small-group knowledge manager.” 评：造成这种结果的原因一般是由于绝大多数PIM工具试图让人来适应工具，而不是工具适应人。
NOTE：
1)data、information、knowledge、context
2)文章多处提到context，但从来还未曾有人清楚的描述过context的具体面貌。
[1]参见Goals of HintsNet, http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=367142
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-482644-368307.html
上一篇：[观点]未来文献发表模式发展趋势、特点与信息福利时代
下一篇：文献阅读：Auditing Personal Information Management
