在当今世界，随着全球能源需求的不断增长以及向清洁能源转型的迫切需求，超级电容器（SCs）正崭露头角，成为能源存储领域的一颗新星。超级电容器具有快速充放电能力、极高的功率密度和超长的循环寿命等优点，这使得它在电动汽车、可穿戴电子设备以及可再生能源存储系统等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。想象一下，电动汽车能够在短时间内快速充满电，可穿戴设备不再频繁充电，这背后超级电容器都可能发挥关键作用。超级电容器的性能提升，从根本上依赖于电极材料和电解质系统的协同设计，以及电极 - 电解质界面的精确调控。电极材料就像是超级电容器的“仓库”，好的电极材料能够存储更多的电荷。而电解质系统则像是“运输通道”，帮助电荷快速移动。同时，电极 - 电解质界面的状况也会影响电荷的存储和释放效率。科学家们在提升超级电容器性能方面做了很多努力。他们研究高性能电极材料的设计策略，开发新型电解质系统。此外，还通过强化和优化界面，来提高超级电容器的能量密度、功率性能和循环稳定性。对于柔性超级电容器，在机械应力下会出现界面退化问题，科学家们也提出了界面工程策略和创新的器件架构来解决。未来，科学家们还将致力于开发高电压、宽温度范围的电解质系统，以及推进多尺度原位表征技术和理论建模的综合发展。相信在不久的将来，超级电容器将为我们带来更加便捷、高效的能源存储解决方案。

期刊

Energy&Environmental Materials

标题

Robust Interfaces and Advanced Materials: Critical Designs and Challenges for High-Performance Supercapacitors

作者

Yuzhao Liu, Lanlan Feng, Mingfei Li, Xiuyang Qian, Chuanqi Sun, Wenxuan Sun, Yunshan Zheng, Baohua Li

摘要

With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition, supercapacitors (SCs) have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles, wearable electronics, and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge–discharge capability, exceptional power density, and prolonged cycle life. The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems, as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface. This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors, systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials, outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems, and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density, power performance, and cycling stability. Furthermore, interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress. Finally, key future research directions are highlighted, including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design, contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.

原文链接

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eem2.70116

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