Frontiers | New opportunities in plant microbiome engineering for increasing agricultural sustainability under stressful conditions (frontiersin.org)

摘要

植物微生物组（或植物微生物组）工程（PME）是一种预期未开发的替代策略，可用于不同环境条件下的植物生长、健康和生产力。已经证明，植物微生物组对植物健康、病原体控制和在剧烈的环境（a）生物约束下的耐受性有重要贡献。与植物健康和安全一致，在本文中，我们讨论了植物微生物组的基本作用及其对植物健康和生产力的见解。我们还探讨了在环境限制下植物微生物组的潜力，以及改善微生物功能的建议，以支持更好的植物生长和生产。了解植物相关微生物群落的关键作用，我们提出了如何增强相关微生物作用以改善植物生长促进机制，特别强调植物有益真菌。此外，我们提出了通过操纵植物微生物群来适应恶劣环境的可能植物策略。然而，我们目前对微生物组的理解仍处于初级阶段，主要的干扰因素，如人类中心行为，尚未完全理解。因此，这项工作强调了操纵有益的植物微生物组以创造更可持续的农业的重要性，特别是在不同的环境压力下。

Figure 1. The holistic overview of plant microbiome compositions, the interaction between plant and its associated microbes, function and its positive effect on plant growth and development under extreme conditions. Plant recruit and assembly beneficial microbes via exudation and constitute a healthy and beneficial microbial community. This microbiome improves plant health, alleviates abiotic stresses and provides a safeguard to the host exhibiting various direct and indirect mechanisms.

图1 植物微生物组组成、植物及其相关微生物之间的相互作用、功能及其在极端条件下对植物生长和发育的积极影响的整体概述。植物通过渗出物招募和聚集有益的微生物，并构成一个健康有益的微生物群落。这种微生物组改善植物健康，减轻非生物胁迫，并为表现出各种直接和间接机制的宿主提供保护。

表1 植物生长促进微生物支持植物生长，并通过各种机制增强对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。

Table 1. Plant growth promoting microbes underpinning plant growth and enhance tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses employing various mechanisms.

Figure 2. Plant microbiome engineering via biotechnological and conventional approaches. Host-mediated microbiome (indirectly selection of microbiome through utilization of host phenotype), artificial seed microbiome (artificial selection of microbiome and its integration/inoculation with seeds. This establish microbiome may evolve during the development and germination that consequently impact plant microbiome structure and function), Rhizosphere microbiome (bacterial competitiveness engineering) Synthetic microbiome (genetically engineered microbes inoculation to host plant) In situ microbiome (manipulation of native microbial community in their native context) Plant mycobiome (optimization and improvement of beneficial plant–fungal interactions).

图2:通过生物技术和传统方法进行植物微生物组工程。宿主介导的微生物组（通过利用宿主表型间接选择微生物组）、人工种子微生物组（人工选择微生物组及其与种子的整合/接种。这建立了微生物组可能在发育和萌发过程中进化，从而影响植物微生物组结构和功能）、，根际微生物组（细菌竞争工程）合成微生物组（转基因微生物接种到宿主植物）原位微生物组（在其原生环境中操纵原生微生物群落）植物真菌群落（优化和改善有益的植物-真菌相互作用）。

Figure 3. Plant Microbiome provides key functions for plant health and its protection. Plant microbiome offers vital services for plant health. It facilitates biogeochemical cycling of plant nutrients, assist plant growth under biotic and abiotic conditions, induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induces systemic resistance (ISR) in plant against plant pathogen. Inversely, Plant microbiome synchronously encounters biotic and abiotic stresses which are the substantial drivers that influence or alter microbiome diversity and functionality.

图3 植物微生物组为植物健康及其保护提供了关键功能。植物微生物组为植物健康提供重要服务。它促进植物养分的生物地球化学循环，帮助植物在生物和非生物条件下生长，诱导系统获得抗性（SAR），并诱导植物对植物病原体的系统抗性（ISR）。相反，植物微生物组同时遭遇生物和非生物胁迫，这是影响或改变微生物组多样性和功能的主要驱动因素。